Empirical and scale-up modeling in stirred ball mills

Mannheim, Viktória

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2010.08.002

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In fact, Li et al [ 68 ] demonstrated that an intensified vibratory milling process is suitable as a drug-sparing approach in early development and capable of preparing a similar nanosuspension to that prepared by wet stirred media milling, which is well-suited to pilot and manufacturing-scale production. In the scale-up of WSMM processes, similarity of the stirrer Reynolds number ( Re ), the stirrer Euler number ( Eu ) as well as the specific power consumption [ 119 , 120 , 182 ] can be used in scale-up. Afolabi et al [ 45 ] suggests the potential use of various microhydrodynamic parameters such as the milling intensity factor F for process scale-up, but the validity of this approach is yet to be demonstrated.…”

Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomilling of Drugs for Bioavailability Enhancement: A Holistic Formulation-Process Perspective

et al. 2016

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Preparation of drug nanoparticles via wet media milling (nanomilling) is a very versatile drug delivery platform and is suitable for oral, injectable, inhalable, and buccal applications. Wet media milling followed by various drying processes has become a well-established and proven formulation approach especially for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. It has several advantages such as organic solvent-free processing, tunable and relatively high drug loading, and applicability to a multitude of poorly water-soluble drugs. Although the physical stability of the wet-milled suspensions (nanosuspensions) has attracted a lot of attention, fundamental understanding of the process has been lacking until recently. The objective of this review paper is to present fundamental insights from available published literature while summarizing the recent advances and highlighting the gap areas that have not received adequate attention. First, stabilization by conventionally used polymers/surfactants and novel stabilizers is reviewed. Then, a fundamental understanding of the process parameters, with a focus on wet stirred media milling, is revealed based on microhydrodynamic models. This review is expected to bring a holistic formulation-process perspective to the nanomilling process and pave the way for robust process development scale-up. Finally, challenges are indicated with a view to shedding light on future opportunities.

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Section: Challenges and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomilling of Drugs for Bioavailability Enhancement: A Holistic Formulation-Process Perspective

et al. 2016

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“…Best Available Technique can be considered as an assessment of the progress of technological processes based on the emission of pollutants and the consumption of resources [ 70 ]. This assessment includes identifying significant environmental problems and analyzing the technique in terms of identified ecological problems [ 71 , 72 ]. Life Cycle Assessment is recognized as one of the best tools for this purpose [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control the System and Environment of Post-Production Wind Turbine Blade Waste Using Life Cycle Models. Part 1. Environmental Transformation Models

et al. 2020

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Controlling the system—the environment of power plants is called such a transformation—their material, energy and information inputs in time, which will ensure that the purpose of the operation of this system or the state of the environment, is achieved. The transformations of systems and environmental inputs and their goals describe the different models, e.g., LCA model groups and methods. When converting wind kinetic energy into electricity, wind power plants emit literally no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production and postuse management stages of their components require large amounts of energy and materials. The biggest controlling problem during postuse management is wind power plant blades, followed by waste generated during their production. Therefore, this publication is aimed at carrying out an ecological, technical and energetical transformation analysis of selected postproduction waste of wind power plant blades based on the LCA models and methods. The research object of control was eight different types of postproduction waste (fiberglass mat, roving fabric, resin discs, distribution hoses, spiral hoses with resin, vacuum bag film, infusion materials residues, surplus mater), mainly made of polymer materials, making it difficult for postuse management and dangerous for the environment. Three groups of models and methods were used: Eco-indicator 99, IPCC and CED. The impact of analysis objects on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was controlled and assessed. Of all the tested waste, the life cycle of resin discs made of epoxy resin was characterized by the highest level of harmful technology impact on the environment and the highest energy consumption. Postuse control and management in the form of recycling would reduce the negative impact on the environment of the tested waste (in the perspective of their entire life cycle). Based on the results obtained, guidelines and models for the proecological postuse control of postproduction polymer waste of wind power plants blades were proposed.

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“…The models were systematically built and filled with data. The volume of inputs was equal to the volume of outputs [ 34 ]. This procedure allowed data aggregation, conversion into functional units, and reference streams.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 1/2

et al. 2021

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Wind power plants are considered as an ecologically-clean source of energy. However, manufacturing processes cannot be treated that way. Manufacturing processes consume huge amounts of electrical and thermal energy and significant amount of materials, e.g., steel, polymers, oils, and lubricants. All of the above could be potentially harmful for environment. There are not many works and publications regarding life-cycle analysis of wind power plants. This study’s objective is to use LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) to the manufacturing and utilization of a specific drag force-driven wind turbine. The discussed innovative wind turbine is of the type that assures safety for prosumer application. Drag force-driven turbines become more heavy than other types of lift driven turbines, but at the same time, their characteristic provides opportunity to use easily recyclable materials instead of materials like plastics or composites. The wider look through LCA tools, may change the perspective of view at that type of wind turbines. Analyzed turbine has capacity of 15 kW and is located in Poland. LCA was carried out using Eco-indicator 99 method in eleven impact categories. Among all of the turbine components, the highest negative impact was noted in the case of the tower. The wind turbine under consideration is characterized by high recycling potential. According to the presented research, recycling provides around 30% reduction of the environmental impact.

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Empirical and scale-up modeling in stirred ball mills

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Nanomilling of Drugs for Bioavailability Enhancement: A Holistic Formulation-Process Perspective

Nanomilling of Drugs for Bioavailability Enhancement: A Holistic Formulation-Process Perspective

Control the System and Environment of Post-Production Wind Turbine Blade Waste Using Life Cycle Models. Part 1. Environmental Transformation Models

Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 1/2

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