“…Empirical studies focused on measuring learning by collecting empirical data, either in laboratory settings or in field studies. Learning effects were observed in various areas, such as assembly production (Shafer et al, 2001;Smunt and Watts, 2003), online ordering in supply chains (Kull et al, 2007), manual order picking , or construction (Hinze and Olbina, 2009), to name just a few examples. Although the concept of learning curves in the field of production economics has been introduced almost a century ago, it is still of importance for manufacturing firms, for example as a performance measure, an aid in setting labor standards, a forecasting tool, or an application in decision support tools.…”