Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Optimal diagnosis and treatment

Bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis resolving to medical therapy: demonstration by US and CT

“…Lautin et al [10] and Kim et al [11] described the first application of CT scan in the diagnosis of EPN. It can provide more precise localization of gas in the renal parenchyma as well as diffusion of gas into the retroperitoneal spaces.…”

Imaging in acute renal infection

“…CT is the best modality for detecting the presence of gas and for defining the extent of the disease [57,58,60,64–66]. CT also detects gas within the renal parenchyma or in the subcapsular, perinephric and/or pararenal space, in the collecting system, or occasionally in the vascular system ( Fig.…”

Sonography of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

“…· 1 Esclwlicllia coli' is the predominant organism responsible for this disease hut other implicated bacteria indude Proteus, Klebsiella, and Aerobacter. 10 Despite numerous reports, the pathogenesis of emphysematous pyelonephritis remains uncertain. It is postulated that increased concentrations of tissue glucose provide a ready substrate for organisms to produce carbon dioxide by fermentation.…”