Emphysematous cystitis: a review of 135 cases

Abstract

the presence of diabetes mellitus or other comorbid emphysematous infections of the urinary tract. RESULTSIn all, 102 published papers, including 135 cases of EC, were reviewed; the median patient age was 66 years, 64% were women and 67% had diabetes mellitus. Most cases were diagnosed using plain films of the abdomen (84%), although more recently, computed tomography was the primary imaging method. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism. Most patients were treated with medical management alone (90%), while 10% of infections were treated with a combination of medicine and surgery. The overall death rate was 7%. CONCLUSIONSEC is the most common and typically the least severe gas-forming infection of the urinary tract. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is warranted to prevent the potential morbidity and mortality of this infectious condition.

An unusual case of air within the bladder wall: Bladder pneumatosis?

“…1 In this patient, pneumoperitoneum and air lesion within bladder wall were recognized at the same time.…”

“…Thus, the bacterial theory, according to which gas-forming bacilli produce gas, would account for both diseases. 1,7 However, an infectious etiology could not be shown. Pneumoperitoneum not associated with peritonitis constitutes another argument against an infectious etiology.…”

“…1,9 However, PCI most often follows a benign course, and might either regress spontaneously, or might follow a chronic course with intermittent disease activity. The treatment of choice for asymptomatic patients is non-operative management, even with the presence of free intraperitoneal air.…”

“…Predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus, a neurogenic bladder, bladder-outlet obstruction, in-dwelling urethral catheters and recurrent urinary tract infections. 1,2 The amassing of gas within the wall of the bladder is not, however, always the result of an infectious etiology. Here, we report the case of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer and treated with chemotherapy, where there was air within the bladder wall accompanied by pneumoperitoneum.…”

Pneumorraquis, espondilitis y meningitis secundarios a cistitis enfisematosa: Report of one case

“…En pacientes diabéticos, se postula el sobrecrecimiento bacteriano en la vejiga, con producción de CO 2 por fermentación anaeróbica de la glucosa, asociado a niveles de glucosa altos en sangre y orina 3,4 . Otro mecanismo postulado, principalmente en pacientes no diabéticos, es por la vía de fermentación de la lactosa y de aminoáci-dos en presencia de necrosis tisular [4][5][6] . No ha sido descrita en la literatura la asociación entre cistitis enfisematosa y pneumorraquis.…”