Emphasis of spatial cues in the temporal fine structure during the rising segments of amplitude-modulated sounds

Dietz, Mathias; Marquardt, Torsten; Salminen, Nelli H.; McAlpine, David

doi:10.1073/pnas.1309712110

Cited by 55 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…That is, sound onsets may play a dominant role in ITD processing at both low and high frequencies, even when the onset of the envelope is itself diotic. A similar phenomenon has been reported in the lateralization of 500 Hz binaural beat stimuli subjected to periodic diotic amplitude modulation at a rate of 32 Hz (Dietz et al, 2013). In that study, listeners' perception of lateral position was strongly dominated by the finestructure ITD associated with the rising slope of the periodic modulation envelope.…”

Section: Fig 3 Upper Panelsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The current results suggest similar temporal weighting of ITD for both such cases (unmodulated low-frequency tones and rapidly modulated high-frequency sounds). The "special" case, then, is that of slow modulations at high frequency, which appear capable of signaling ITD effectively with each modulation cycle, similarly to the case for slow modulations at low frequency (Dietz et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Role Of Instantaneous Itd Magnitudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Third and finally, Dietz et al (2013) recently demonstrated, using a periodically amplitude modulated binaural-beat stimulus centered at 500 Hz, that lateralization follows the fine-structure ITD carried during the rising segment of each modulation cycle, even when the envelope is itself diotic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nonuniform temporal weighting of interaural time differences in 500 Hz tones

Stecker

Bibee

2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discrimination and lateralization of interaural time differences (ITD) in rapidly modulated high-frequency sounds is dominated by cues present in the initial portion of the sound (i.e., at sound onset). The importance of initial ITD at low frequencies is, however, less clear. Here, ITD discrimination thresholds were measured in 500 Hz pure tones with diotic envelopes and static or dynamic fine-structure ITD. Static-ITD thresholds improved as tone duration increased from 40 to 640 ms but by an amount less than expected from uniform temporal weighting of binaural information. Dynamic conditions eliminated ITD from either the beginning or end of the sound by presenting slightly different frequencies to the two ears. While overall thresholds were lower when ITD was available at sound onset than when it was not, listeners differed appreciably in that regard. The results demonstrate that weighting of ITD is not temporally uniform. Instead, for many listeners, ITD discrimination at 500 Hz appears dominated by ITD cues present in the initial part of the sound. To a variable degree, other listeners rely more equally on ITD cues occurring near sound onsets and offsets, although no listeners appear to utilize such cues uniformly throughout the sound's duration.

show abstract

Section: Fig 3 Upper Panelsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Role Of Instantaneous Itd Magnitudementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nonuniform temporal weighting of interaural time differences in 500 Hz tones

Stecker

Bibee

2014

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another possibility is that, at early processing stages, sound intensity increments are not associated with changes in distance but are simply salient events. For instance, interaural spatial cues occurring at intensity increments are weighted strongly when computing left-right location (39,40). A strong effect of leftright congruence between increasing-intensity sounds and visual targets (41) further supports this reasoning.…”

Section: Perception Of Motion In Distance But Not Changes In Overall mentioning

confidence: 73%

Asymmetries in behavioral and neural responses to spectral cues demonstrate the generality of auditory looming bias

Baumgartner

Reed

Tóth

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies of auditory looming bias have shown that sources increasing in intensity are more salient than sources decreasing in intensity. Researchers have argued that listeners are more sensitive to approaching sounds compared with receding sounds, reflecting an evolutionary pressure. However, these studies only manipulated overall sound intensity; therefore, it is unclear whether looming bias is truly a perceptual bias for changes in source distance, or only in sound intensity. Here we demonstrate both behavioral and neural correlates of looming bias without manipulating overall sound intensity. In natural environments, the pinnae induce spectral cues that give rise to a sense of externalization; when spectral cues are unnatural, sounds are perceived as closer to the listener. We manipulated the contrast of individually tailored spectral cues to create sounds of similar intensity but different naturalness. We confirmed that sounds were perceived as approaching when spectral contrast decreased, and perceived as receding when spectral contrast increased. We measured behavior and electroencephalography while listeners judged motion direction. Behavioral responses showed a looming bias in that responses were more consistent for sounds perceived as approaching than for sounds perceived as receding. In a control experiment, looming bias disappeared when spectral contrast changes were discontinuous, suggesting that perceived motion in distance and not distance itself was driving the bias. Neurally, looming bias was reflected in an asymmetry of late eventrelated potentials associated with motion evaluation. Hence, both our behavioral and neural findings support a generalization of the auditory looming bias, representing a perceptual preference for approaching auditory objects.auditory looming bias | electroencephalography | distance motion perception | sound externalization | head-related transfer functions I magine yourself alone in the wilderness. Suddenly, a threatening sound permeates the darkness. Is it approaching? This is a critical question when it comes to your survival because approaching objects usually pose a greater threat than receding objects (1). The phenomenon that approaching sounds are more salient than receding sounds is commonly termed "auditory looming bias." Looming bias is reflected in a broad variety of psychophysical tasks related to salience and alertness: bias in loudness-change estimates (2-4) and judgments of duration (5), improved discriminability of motion speed (6), underestimated distances for egocentrically moving (4) or bypassing sounds (7,8), and reduced reaction time for auditory (3, 9) and visual (3) targets preceded by looming sounds. In animals, looming biases result in faster learning speed during associative conditioning (10) and longer duration of attention (11). This list shows that looming bias triggers a variety of percepts across a wide range of psychoacoustic tasks. Despite its broad behavioral significance, the mechanisms underlying auditory looming bias are still poorly ...

show abstract

“…The results showed a strong influence of attack and pause parameters, even outside of the physiological ITD range, which is relevant for ITD enhancement in binaural cochlear Chapter 5 General conclusions implant processors. In an imaging study, Dietz et al (2013a) found that the attack segment in an amplitude-modulated signal might be the region in which the auditory system is particularly sensitive to interaural timing differences, leading to reliable ITD "glimpes" even in reverberant conditions. In conclusion, the results from study 2 identify the most important localization-relevant parts of a periodically amplitude modulated signal.…”

Section: Chapter 5 General Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Art as behaviour – an ethological approach to visual and verbal art, music and architecture

Sütterlin¹,

Schiefenhövel²,

Lehmann³

et al. 2014

anthranz

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability of the human auditory system to function under unfavorable acoustic conditions, for example focusing on a single talker in a multi-talker environment with background noise and reverberation, is well known (e.g., Cherry, 1953;Kaiser and David, 1960). The theory of auditory scene analysis (ASA, Bregman, 1994) states that the auditory system actively and passively groups several signal features into internal representations of sound sources. This separation helps in tasks like understanding speech in noise or tracking the movement of a sound source. Two of the important signal features are binaural cues derived from a joint processing of the signals received at both ears and pitch or harmonicity, as, e.g., generated by voiced speech sounds (Darwin and Carlyon, 1995). Binaural cues give information about the location and movement of a sound source, while harmonicity processing enables grouping of signal energy according to a fundamental frequency (F0), which helps for example in the separation of different voices. As the signals of interest in auditory scene analysis (voiced speech, animal calls, music) are often periodical (e.g., Fletcher, 1992), the aim of this thesis is to provide psychophysical data and develop and evaluate models for binaural and harmonic processing of periodic signals.The first part of this thesis deals with the processing of interaural time differences (ITDs) in signals with a periodic envelope. Here, a custom periodic envelope is constructed consisting of several segments. The influence of each envelope segment on the sensitivity to ITDs is measured in psychophysical experiments. The ability of an established model for ITD sensitivity (Bernstein and Trahiotis, 2002) to predict the data is evaluated and the model is extended by principles of neuronal adaptation to improve model performance. This is of particular interest as it offers valuable hints on the binaural processing of voiced speech sounds at high frequencies and possible coding strategies for binaural hearing aids or cochlear implants.The second and third part deal with combined processing of harmonicity and ITDs. The second part establishes the method of measuring detection thresholds in harmonicity research. In psychophysical experiments, the ability of subjects to detect a single target component embedded in a tone complex is tested, while the target tone is in harmonic or mis-3 tuned relationship to the masking tone complex. Based on this method, the third part of this thesis reports on combination experiments, where the target tone is additionally presented with an interaural phase difference (IPD). An auditory computer model based on amplitude modulation processing and equalization-cancellation (Durlach, 1963) is used to predict the psychophysical results. Various hypotheses on the combination of binaural and harmonicity information are tested against the human and model data. The results of both studies shed light on the combined processing of two important signal features in ASA and are of high relevanc...

show abstract

Emphasis of spatial cues in the temporal fine structure during the rising segments of amplitude-modulated sounds

Cited by 55 publications

References 24 publications

Nonuniform temporal weighting of interaural time differences in 500 Hz tones

Nonuniform temporal weighting of interaural time differences in 500 Hz tones

Asymmetries in behavioral and neural responses to spectral cues demonstrate the generality of auditory looming bias

Art as behaviour – an ethological approach to visual and verbal art, music and architecture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About