Emphasis of Embrittlement Characteristics in 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Saluja, Rati; Moeed, K. M.

doi:10.9790/1684-11650410

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The formation of skeletal ferrite was reported due to rejection of Cr from austenite and Ni from ferrite phase 24) . While, lathy ferrite formed due to restricted diffusion and/or a characteristic cooling rate during welding 25,26) , leads to greater ferrite former elements than skeletal ferrite. During solidi cation after welding by E2209, weld region was completely governed with DSS.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From micro-hardness pro le results, it was evident that the variation in micro-hardness values of weld zone (237.5 HV and 198.8 HV average values) for E2209 and E309L respectively. This difference in the weld hardness could be attributed to the solidi cation mode, morphology and distribution of micro-constituents in the resultant WM due to difference in electrode composition as mentioned above [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . However, E2209 weld solidify in F mode having higher Cr eq or Cr eq /Ni eq ratio than that of E309L.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties 321 Micro-hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study on the Effect of Electrode on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Welds of 2205 Austeno-Ferritic and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

et al. 2016

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In the present study, the weldability, microstructures and mechanical properties of dissimilar welds (2205 austeno-ferritic and 316L austenitic stainless steel) was investigated by using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with the help of two different electrodes namely duplex (E2209) and austenitic (E309L). After welding, the microstructure of the different zones of joints was evaluated by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while, the localized chemical information was obtained by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) attached to the SEM. In E2209 weld metal, the solidi cation was observed as the primary ferrite mode. While, 309L weld metal was observed as the primary ferrite with austenitic matrix. Optimum ferrite content was observed in both the electrode. Finally, it was concluded that for the joints between the 2205 austeno-ferritic and 316L austenitic stainless steel, the E2209 electrode was dominant property wise.

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Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties 321 Micro-hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Electrode on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Welds of 2205 Austeno-Ferritic and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

et al. 2016

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“…Although this work did not conclusively identify a deleterious effect of martensite formation in these alloys, this phenomenon has been proposed by some [12,13,20] to negatively influence stress corrosion properties. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the influence of these alloy compositions on elevated-temperature creep, ductility, and microstructural transformation at operating temperatures below 750°C.…”

Section: Figure 7 Thermodynamically Stable Phases For a Uniform Weld ...mentioning

confidence: 62%

Microstructural changes in 16-8-2 weld metal during exposure to 750 °C for extended times

Swanepoel

Pistorius

2021

Weld World

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Ever-leaner compositions are targeted for nominal type 16-8-2 weld metals in attempts to limit sigma phase formation during elevated-temperature operation. Three variants of type 16-8-2 weld metals were exposed to aging at 750°C for up to 3500 h. Evaluation of the resultant structures by magnetic measurements, neutron diffraction (at ambient and cryogenic temperatures), and electron backscatter diffraction established that the leaner variants were susceptible to forming martensite after aging. This is ascribed to a local increase in the martensite start temperature due to sensitization taking place during elevated-temperature aging. The extent of martensite formation diminished during aging treatments exceeding 1000 h owing to diffusion of solute elements from the austenitic matrix to the sensitized regions (recovery). Subsequent elevated-temperature aging of the microstructures containing martensite also resulted in a decrease in martensite content: the mechanism, however, differs from that for single-cycle exposure. This observation is explained by martensite reversion to austenite. Martensite formation was completely absent from the higher-alloyed variant. This variant experienced intergranular carbide precipitation and delta ferrite decomposition into secondary austenite and carbides. This work demonstrates significantly different aging responses for composition variants within the allowed ranges for type 16-8-2 weld metals.

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“…Ferrite, having a higher solubility for low melting eutectics (S, P, and Si) absconds these impurities, as it transforms to austenite (F→A). These "released harmful eutectics" further extend by diffusion and grain boundary migration to the austenite core and austenite grain boundaries, degrading their ductility and intensifying fissuring trend [43]. Increasing the temperature above the 7-solvus, revived delta ferrite gets reabsorbed whether below the 7-solvus it reconverts to austenite.…”

Section: Fissuring In Multipass Ferrite-containing Grade 304 Weldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depiction of Detrimental Metallurgical Effects in Grade 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Arc Welds

Saluja¹,

Tjprc²

2018

IJMPERD

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Efforts have been made to integrate fundamental microscopic behaviour and metallurgical transformations of Grade 304 Austenitic stainless steel during solidification. Incomplete mixing during solidification of Grade 304 steel in weld pool initiates segregation that encourages the dendritic envelope motion regulated by the enlargement of dendrite tips. High segregation of chromium and molybdenum, lead to the formation of secondary ferrite that increases tendency of accumulation of intermetallic phases. Micro and macro cracks with different orientations also occur in various sections of the weld, because of low melting liquid phases in the primary weld zone or enveloping HAZ. It aggravates grain boundaries to split under the thermal and shrinkage strain during metallurgical changes. Solid-state transformation of ferrite to austenite results in separation of solidification boundaries from grain boundaries thus reduces possibility of hot cracking. But probability of fissuring in the weld HAZ in fully austenite welds is higher than in ferrite containing welds. Contending variables adjoin complexity, hence the primary intention of this review is to correlate microstructural developments of Grade 304 steel under the influence of metallurgical variations.

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Emphasis of Embrittlement Characteristics in 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Electrode on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Welds of 2205 Austeno-Ferritic and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

A Comparative Study on the Effect of Electrode on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Welds of 2205 Austeno-Ferritic and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

Microstructural changes in 16-8-2 weld metal during exposure to 750 °C for extended times

Depiction of Detrimental Metallurgical Effects in Grade 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel Arc Welds

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