Empathy with humans and with non-human animals: are there differences between individuals who have adopted and those who have relinquished a pet?

Cardoso, Sandra Duarte; Faraco, Ceres Berger; Sousa, Liliana de; Pereira, Goncalo Da Graça

doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2021.11.008

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Accordingly, scores calculated from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index subdimensions positively correlate with the AES-LF score, except for the personal distress component. This result aligns with some studies (Cardoso et al 2022). The lack of a significant relationship for the personal distress component may be explained by the fact that, unlike other dimensions, this empathic concern is self-directed, such as personal discomfort (Eisenberg 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The most frequently used self-report instrument for assessing empathy with animals is the Animal Empathy Scale (AES) (Paul 2000). The scale has been administered in different cultures and languages, such as America, Australia, Scotland, Spain, Italy, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Romania and Chile (Paul 2000, Ellingsen et al 2010, Rothgerber and Mican, 2014, Colombo et al 2016, Emauz et al 2016, Calderón-Amor et al 2017, La Torre Gómez 2017, Rusu et al 2019, Camilleri et al 2020, Gómez-Leal et al 2021, Cardoso et al 2022. The items in the scale were created by adapting the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian and Epstein 1972) for animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hayvanlara Yönelik Empati Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Geliştirilmesi

OKUTAN

2023

Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar

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This study aimed to develop the short form of the Animal Empathy Scale (AES-SF). To this end, the study first conducted the Turkish validity and reliability analyses of the long scale and the selection of the items for the short form. The construct validity of the eight-item short form of the scale was then tested in a separate sample. The construct validity of the scales was examined in the first sample using principal component analysis and in the second sample using confirmatory factor analysis. In both studies, the convergent validity of the scales was tested with related psychological traits. McDonald’s omega and item-total test correlation coefficients were used to assess the reliability of the scales. Test-retest reliability was also examined for the short form of the scale. The long form of the scale showed a two-factor structure, as did the original scale. The analyses indicated that the long scale was valid and reliable for Turkish culture. The confirmatory factor analysis results of the AES-SF supported the two-factor structure. Convergent validity analyses showed that the relationships were significant and in the expected direction. The correlation coefficients between the scores on the short and long forms of the scale are also high. Reliability scores also indicated that the short form provided accurate and stable measures. Furthermore, the validity and reliability coefficients of the short and long forms are close. According to these results, the AES-SF can be used as an alternative to the long form of the scale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hayvanlara Yönelik Empati Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Geliştirilmesi

OKUTAN

2023

Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We measured empathy for animals by seeking respondents' comments on the statement "I feel uncomfortable every time I see animals being abused or suffering" [57]. According to the survey results, the proportion of respondents reporting "very disagree", "relatively disagree", "general", "relatively agree" and "very agree" was 3.94%, 3.67%, 17.95%, 46.43% and 35.62%, respectively.…”

Section: Moderating Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of Animal Welfare and Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions in China: A Moderated Mediation Model of Product Cognition and Empathy

Liang

Hua

Cai

et al. 2022

Animals

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As purchase power and consumption knowledge increase, consumers gradually demand safer and healthier products. Animal welfare is expected to be an important attribute of high-end food in the future and a major concern for the high-quality development of the livestock industry. The objective was to shed new light on our understanding of consumers’ perceptions and behavioral intentions toward animal-friendly food. Using sample data of 1499 food consumers in Guangdong province, China, this study explored the role of product cognition and empathy in the relationship between consumers’ knowledge and behavioral intentions. Results indicate that knowledge of animal welfare significantly influences consumers’ behavioral intentions, and there is a mediating effect on cognition. Meanwhile, empathy moderates the relationship between product cognition and consumers’ intentions to purchase or recommend animal-friendly products. Improving consumers’ knowledge of animal welfare and cognitive levels of animal-friendly products may contribute to promoting animal-friendly product consumption and sustainable development of the livestock industry.

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“…For example, Gómez-Leal et al (2021) revealed that individuals who owned a pet display higher animal-centered empathy, but lower human-centered empathy, compared to those who have not owned a pet. Likewise, human- and animal-centered empathy were related among individuals who had adopted a pet but not among those who had relinquished a pet ( Cardoso et al, 2022 ). Thus, human-centered empathy may be related to, but distinct from, animal centered-empathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring narcissism and human- and animal-centered empathy in pet owners

2023

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Having empathy for others is typically generalized to having empathy for animals. However, empathy for humans and for animals are only weakly correlated. Thus, some individuals may have low human-centered empathy but have high animal-centered empathy. Here, we explore whether pet owners who are high in narcissism display empathy towards animals despite their low human-centered empathy. We assessed pet owners’ (N = 259) three components of trait narcissism (Agentic Extraversion, Antagonism, and Narcissistic Neuroticism), human- and animal-centered empathy, attitudes towards animals, and their pet attachment. We found that Agentic Extraversion was unrelated to both human- and animal-centered empathy. We also found that Antagonism was related to less empathy for both humans and animals, as well as more negative attitudes towards animals. Lastly, we found that Narcissistic Neuroticism was unrelated to human-centered empathy and positively related to animal-centered empathy and attitudes towards animals. This research furthers our understanding of the relation between empathy towards humans and animals and provides insight into whether animal-assisted approaches may be useful for empathy training in those with narcissistic characteristics.

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Empathy with humans and with non-human animals: are there differences between individuals who have adopted and those who have relinquished a pet?

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Hayvanlara Yönelik Empati Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Geliştirilmesi

Hayvanlara Yönelik Empati Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Geliştirilmesi

Knowledge of Animal Welfare and Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions in China: A Moderated Mediation Model of Product Cognition and Empathy

Exploring narcissism and human- and animal-centered empathy in pet owners

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