Empathy Mediates the Effects of Age and Sex on Altruistic Moral Decision Making

Rosén, Jan; Brand, Matthias; Kalbe, Elke

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00067

Cited by 42 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(183 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, given that groups differed in terms of age and years of education, and that these two variables may have an effect on moral decision-making (Al-Nasari, 2002;Krettenauer et al, 2014;Maxfield et al, 2007;Rosen et al, 2016), we calculated mixed ANCOVA models for all ratings, taking group, language, and intentionality as factors, and age and years of education as covariates. We reported p-values and statistics from the post-hoc test of the mixed ANCOVA models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases

Báez

Patiño-Saenz

Cotrina

et al. 2020

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Traditional and mainstream legal frameworks conceive law primarily as a purely rational practice, free from affect or intuition. However, substantial evidence indicates that human decision-making depends upon diverse biases. We explored the manifestation of these biases through comparisons among 45 criminal judges, 60 criminal attorneys, and 64 controls. We examined whether these groups’ decision-making patterns were influenced by (a) the information on the transgressor’s mental state, (b) the use of gruesome language in harm descriptions, and (c) ongoing physiological states. Judges and attorneys were similar to controls in that they overestimated the damage caused by intentional harm relative to accidental harm. However, judges and attorneys were less biased towards punishments and harm severity ratings to accidental harms. Similarly, they were less influenced in their decisions by either language manipulations or physiological arousal. Our findings suggest that specific expertise developed in legal settings can attenuate some pervasive biases in moral decision processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases

Báez

Patiño-Saenz

Cotrina

et al. 2020

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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“… Narvaez et al (2011) showed that older individuals (60–82 years old) demonstrate an enhanced memory for morally charged events as compared to non-moral events; they are also more likely to apply moral background knowledge to understanding presented events. Finally, in their recent study Rosen et al (2016) found that age significantly correlated with more altruistic moral decisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As for moral judgments, however, results are mixed. In some studies, men are less likely than women to support altruistic actions in every-day scenarios ( Rosen et al, 2016 ) and are more likely to deliver utilitarian responses to hypothetical, harm-based moral scenarios ( Fumagalli et al, 2010 ; Youssef et al, 2012 ; Friesdorf et al, 2015 ). In contrast, other studies using similar scenarios and methodologies show that gender, as well as several other cultural factors (age, political affiliation, religious background), contribute very little to the pattern of judgments observed ( Hauser et al, 2007 ; Banerjee et al, 2010 ; Gleichgerrcht and Young, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociocultural Influences on Moral Judgments: East–West, Male–Female, and Young–Old

Arutyunova

Alexandrov

Hauser³

2016

Front. Psychol.

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Gender, age, and culturally specific beliefs are often considered relevant to observed variation in social interactions. At present, however, the scientific literature is mixed with respect to the significance of these factors in guiding moral judgments. In this study, we explore the role of each of these factors in moral judgment by presenting the results of a web-based study of Eastern (i.e., Russia) and Western (i.e., USA, UK, Canada) subjects, male and female, and young and old. Participants (n = 659) responded to hypothetical moral scenarios describing situations where sacrificing one life resulted in saving five others. Though men and women from both types of cultures judged (1) harms caused by action as less permissible than harms caused by omission, (2) means-based harms as less permissible than side-effects, and (3) harms caused by contact as less permissible than by non-contact, men in both cultures delivered more utilitarian judgments (save the five, sacrifice one) than women. Moreover, men from Western cultures were more utilitarian than Russian men, with no differences observed for women. In both cultures, older participants delivered less utilitarian judgments than younger participants. These results suggest that certain core principles may mediate moral judgments across different societies, implying some degree of universality, while also allowing a limited range of variation due to sociocultural factors.

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“…Wisdom and knowledge are known to increase with normal aging, contributing to the appropriate respect afforded to community elders. Empathy and altruism also may increase with age ( 52 ).…”

Section: Psychological and Cognitivementioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Diseases and Clinical and Public Health Implications for the 85 Years Old and Over Population

Jaul

Barron

2017

Front. Public Health

587

424

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By 2050, the American 85 years old and over population will triple. Clinicians and the public health community need to develop a culture of sensitivity to the needs of this population and its subgroups. Sensory changes, cognitive changes, and weakness may be subtle or may be severe in the heterogeneous population of people over age 85. Falls, cardiovascular disease, and difficulty with activities of daily living are common but not universal. This paper reviews relevant changes of normal aging, diseases, and syndromes common in people over age 85, cognitive and psychological changes, social and environmental changes, and then reviews common discussions which clinicians routinely have with these patients and their families. Some hearing and vision loss are a part of normal aging as is decline in immune function. Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and dementia are common chronic conditions at age 85. Osteoarthritis, diabetes, and related mobility disability will increase in prevalence as the population ages and becomes more overweight. These population changes have considerable public health importance. Caregiver support, services in the home, assistive technologies, and promotion of home exercise programs as well as consideration of transportation and housing policies are recommended. For clinicians, judicious prescribing and ordering of tests includes a consideration of life expectancy, lag time to benefit, and patient goals. Furthermore, healthy behaviors starting in early childhood can optimize quality of life among the oldest-old.

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Empathy Mediates the Effects of Age and Sex on Altruistic Moral Decision Making

Cited by 42 publications

References 93 publications

The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases

The impact of legal expertise on moral decision-making biases

Sociocultural Influences on Moral Judgments: East–West, Male–Female, and Young–Old

Age-Related Diseases and Clinical and Public Health Implications for the 85 Years Old and Over Population

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