Empathic Touch by Relational Agents

Bickmore, Timothy; Fernando, Rukmal; Ring, Lazlo; Schulman, Daniel

doi:10.1109/t-affc.2010.4

Cited by 84 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The present study finding showed that the mean scores of Rappaport coma scale (RCS) decreased significantly in study group than control group after application of coma arousal technique throughout study period which reflecting improvement in conscious level based on RCS that arouse the brain by improving neuronal organization, increased numbers of dendrite spines, thus stimulating the reticular activating system and increasing the level of sensory function (Bickmore et al,2010) (35) . Meanwhile, patients in the control group had a higher mean score, reflecting more deterioration in conscious level based on RCS throughout study period.…”

Section: Nursing Interventions: Effects Of Coma Arousal Technique On mentioning

confidence: 56%

Nursing Interventions: Effects of Coma Arousal Technique on the Clinical Outcomes of Unconscious Patients

Mohammed¹

2017

IOSR JNHS

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Section: Nursing Interventions: Effects Of Coma Arousal Technique On mentioning

confidence: 56%

Nursing Interventions: Effects of Coma Arousal Technique on the Clinical Outcomes of Unconscious Patients

Mohammed¹

2017

IOSR JNHS

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“…Basori et al (2009) showed the feasibility of using vibration in combination with sound and facial expression in avatars to communicate emotion strength. Touch also assists in building a relationship with social actors: hand squeezes (delivered through an airbladder) can improve the relation with a virtual agent (Bickmore et al 2010). Artificial hands equipped with synthetic skins can potentially replicate not only the biomechanical behavior but also the warmth (the "feel") of the human hand (Cabibihan et al 2009(Cabibihan et al , 2010.…”

Section: Reactions To Touching Robots and Avatars At A Physiologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important questions are how to develop a touch etiquette for mediated touch and for social agents that can touch , and how to incorporate social, cultural, and individual differences with respect to acceptance and meaning of a mediated or social agent's touch. Individual differences may include gender, attitude toward robots, and technology and touch receptivity [the (dis-)liking of being touched, Bickmore et al 2010]. An initial set of guidelines for this etiquette is given by van Erp and Toet (2013).…”

Section: Social and Culturalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Touch in Humanâ€“Computer Interaction

Erp

Toet²

2015

Front. Digit. Humanit.

136

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Touch is our primary non-verbal communication channel for conveying intimate emotions and as such essential for our physical and emotional wellbeing. In our digital age, human social interaction is often mediated. However, even though there is increasing evidence that mediated touch affords affective communication, current communication systems (such as videoconferencing) still do not support communication through the sense of touch. As a result, mediated communication does not provide the intense affective experience of co-located communication. The need for ICT mediated or generated touch as an intuitive way of social communication is even further emphasized by the growing interest in the use of touch-enabled agents and robots for healthcare, teaching, and telepresence applications. Here, we review the important role of social touch in our daily life and the available evidence that affective touch can be mediated reliably between humans and between humans and digital agents. We base our observations on evidence from psychology, computer science, sociology, and neuroscience with focus on the first two. Our review shows that mediated affective touch can modulate physiological responses, increase trust and affection, help to establish bonds between humans and avatars or robots, and initiate pro-social behavior. We argue that ICT mediated or generated social touch can (a) intensify the perceived social presence of remote communication partners and (b) enable computer systems to more effectively convey affective information. However, this research field on the crossroads of ICT and psychology is still embryonic and we identify several topics that can help to mature the field in the following areas: establishing an overarching theoretical framework, employing better research methodologies, developing basic social touch building blocks, and solving specific ICT challenges.

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“…For example, Bickmore et al have studied users' perceptions of and responses to affective touch performed by a virtual agent [3]. The virtual agent included a robotic component capable of pneumatically applying pressure to the user's hand.…”

Section: Human-robot Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Responses to Robot-Initiated Touch in a Nursing Context

Chen

King

Thomaz

et al. 2013

Int J of Soc Robotics

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Physical human-robot interaction has the potential to be useful in a number of domains, but this will depend on how people respond to the robot's actions. For some domains, such as healthcare, a robot is likely to initiate physical contact with a person's body. In order to investigate how people respond to this type of interaction, we conducted an experiment with 56 people in which a robotic nurse autonomously touched and wiped each participant's forearm. On average, participants had a favorable response to the first time the robot touched them. However, we found that the perceived intent of the robot significantly influenced people's responses. If people believed that the robot intended to clean their arms, the participants tended to respond more favorably than if they believed the robot intended to comfort them, even though the robot's manipulation behavior was the same. Our results suggest that roboticists should consider this social factor in addition to the mechanics of physical interaction. Surprisingly, we found that participants in our study responded less favorably when given a verbal warning prior to the robot's actions. In addition to these main results, we present post-hoc analyses of participants' galvanic skin responses (GSR), open-ended responses, attitudes towards robots, and responses to a second trial.

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Empathic Touch by Relational Agents

Cited by 84 publications

References 43 publications

Nursing Interventions: Effects of Coma Arousal Technique on the Clinical Outcomes of Unconscious Patients

Nursing Interventions: Effects of Coma Arousal Technique on the Clinical Outcomes of Unconscious Patients

Social Touch in Humanâ€“Computer Interaction

An Investigation of Responses to Robot-Initiated Touch in a Nursing Context

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