Empathic distress in the newborn.

Sagi, Abraham; Hoffman, Martin L.

doi:10.1037/0012-1649.12.2.175

Cited by 429 publications

(252 citation statements)

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“…The perception of facial expression is an early developmental event with infants displaying a capacity for imitative facial expression at 36 h and a capacity for facial gesture at 2 weeks (Meltzoff and Moore, 1977;Sagi and Hoffman, 1976). The early, and invariant, emergence in development of both imitative and expressive facial behavior and the circumscribed repertoire of facial emotions across cultures suggests these capacaties are both innate and hardwired (Ekman, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Activation during Covert Processing of Positive Emotional Facial Expressions

et al. 1996

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Lesion studies indicate distinct neural systems for recognition of facial identity and emotion. Split-brain experiments also suggest that emotional evaluation of a stimulus can occur without conscious identification. The present study tested a hypothesis of a differential neural response, independent of explicit conscious mediation, to emotional compared to nonemotional faces. The experimental paradigm involved holding in mind an image of a face across a 45-s delay while regional cerebral blood flow was measured using positron emission tomography. Prior to the delay, a single face was presented with an explicit instruction to match it to one of two faces, photographed at different angles from the target face, presented at the end of the delay. Repeated blood flow measures were obtained while subjects held happy or neutral faces in mind or during a neutral control fixation condition without initial face presentation. The representation of emotional faces over a delay period, compared to either the nonemotional or the fixation condition, was associated with significant activation in the left ventral prefrontal cortex, the left anterior cingulate cortex, and the right fusiform gyrus. The findings support our hypothesis of a differential neural response to facial emotion, independent of conscious mediation, in regions implicated in the processing of faces and of emotions. r 1996 Academic Press, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Activation during Covert Processing of Positive Emotional Facial Expressions

et al. 1996

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“…For example, newborn girls tend to cry more than boys when another infant's cry is heard (Sagi & Hoffman, 1976). This tendency may be facilitated by the social relationships between infants and caregivers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex differences in emotion recognition by observing body movements

Sogon

Izard²

1987

Jpn. Psychol. Res

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This study explores the differences in decoding abilities between American males and females, who judged emotion by observing the body movements of Japanese actors/actresses with back turned toward the viewer. The stimuli consisted of 8 mm motion pictures, divided into 6-s scenes which contained 114 scenes. On the film, each of the four actors/actresses posed body movements for the each of the seven fundamental emotion categories of joy, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, anger and contempt, and the three affective-cognitive structures of affection, anticipation and acceptance. Both male and female subjects identified reliably the emotion of fear, sadness, anger and disgust. Moreover, females were better decoders than males regarding the body movement patterns of disgust, fear, and sadness. Compared to the body movements of the negative emotions, those of the positive emotion for joy and affectivecognitive categories of affection and acceptance were not so well identified.

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“…EE appears to provide "the fundamental basis for social bonding between parents and children" (Plutchik, 1987, p. 44) and it might also facilitate group cohesion. Infants as young as 1 day old appear to have EE sensitivity (e.g., Sagi & Hoffman, 1976). Davis (1996, p. 9) has viewed CE and EE as "two distinctly separate" capacities.…”

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confidence: 99%