Empathic Communication and Essential Instruction for Medical Students

Cyrus, Ali; Salehi, Bahman; Naziri, Mahdyieh; Sadeghi, Bahman; Vosoulie, Rana

doi:10.15412/j.jbtw.01060601

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Second to professional characteristics, a high proportion of mostly quantitative studies examined socio-demographic factors. Female gender was associated with higher ECRC in numerous studies 41 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 55 , 58 , 61 , 64 , 81 – 83 , 92 , 94 , 95 , 99 , 101 , 103 , 108 , 113 – 117 but a comparable number showed no gender effect 39 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 60 , 72 , 74 , 76 – 80 , 84 , 86 , 96 , 105 , 106 , 116 , 118 – 121 ; three studies reported males as more compassionate 53 , 111 , 112 . Evidence regarding age was similarly conflicted 39 – 41 , 43 , 47 , 49 – 51 , 54 , 55 , 58 , 60 , 72 , 77 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 86 , 95 , 99 , 106 ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Of these, professional factors were the most researched: clinical experience tended to predict greater ECRC 38 – 48 , although numerous studies also reported no effect 49 – 61 ; it was unclear whether ECRC increases or decreases across residency 45 , 48 , 62 – 77 . Studies that featured professional status/seniority mostly showed no effect 39 , 50 , 53 , 61 , 78 – 82 , with a smaller number of studies noting positive association 71 , 83 – 86 . Small number of studies indicated that greater professional training 80 , 87 , 88 and competency 38 , 41 , 85 positively associated with ECRC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patient-centered/relational specialities tended to suggest more empathetic physicians than technology-oriented 42 , 64 , 92 , 93 or surgical specialties 60 , 71 , 94 – 98 . However, the overall evidence regarding the importance of specialty was mixed and inconclusive 45 , 46 , 50 , 54 , 61 , 71 , 72 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 83 , 94 – 96 , 99 – 112 .

Figure 4 Five most common positive and negative predictors of ECRC for four domains within the Transactional Model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a small number of predominantly qualitative studies showed spirituality 89 , 136 , meaning 136 , and religiosity 137 to predict greater ECRC, although there was no effect of religion 39 . The evidence regarding factors such as living situation 39 , 42 , 72 , 82 , upbringing 98 , 113 , 131 , siblings 64 , 76 , having children 39 , 41 , 49 , 64 , 77 , 111 – 113 , 138 , 139 , the number of children 72 , 82 , 84 , 140 , and marital status 43 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 63 , 64 , 72 , 76 , 77 , 83 , 84 , 86 was conflicted and, hence, inconclusive.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Physician Compassion, Empathy, and Related Constructs: a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background Compassion in healthcare provides measurable benefits to patients, physicians, and healthcare systems. However, data regarding the factors that predict care (and a lack of care) are scattered. This study systematically reviews biomedical literature within the Transactional Model of Physician Compassion and synthesizes evidence regarding the predictors of physician empathy, compassion, and related constructs (ECRC). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, OvidJournals, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus using search terms relating to ECRC and its predictors. Eligible studies included physicians as participants. Methodological quality was assessed based on the Cochrane Handbook, using ROBINS-I risk of bias tool for quantitative and CASP for qualitative studies. Confidence in findings was evaluated according to GRADE-CERQual approach. Results One hundred fifty-two included studies (74,866 physicians) highlighted the diversity of influences on compassion in healthcare (54 unique predictors). Physician-related predictors (88%) were gender, experience, values, emotions and coping strategies, quality of life, and burnout. Environmental predictors (38%) were organizational structure, resources, culture, and clinical environment and processes. Patient-related predictors (24%) were communication ease, and physicians’ perceptions of patients’ motives; compassion was also less forthcoming with lower SES and minority patients. Evidence related to clinical predictors (15%) was scarce; high acuity presentations predicted greater ECRC. Discussion The growth of evidence in the recent years reflects ECRC’s ongoing importance. However, evidence remains scattered, concentrates on physicians’ factors that may not be amenable to interventions, lacks designs permitting causal commentary, and is limited by self-reported outcomes. Inconsistent findings in the direction of the predictors’ effects indicate the need to study the relationships among predictors to better understand the mechanisms of ECRCs. The current review can guide future research and interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-021-07055-2.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 4 Five most common positive and negative predictors of ECRC for four domains within the Transactional Model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of Physician Compassion, Empathy, and Related Constructs: a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Cognitive empathy variations during internship: a study from Iran

Ahmadipour,

Soltanzadeh

2024

BMC Med Educ

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Objective Despite the critical role of empathy in medical students, various studies have provided conflicting evidence regarding changes in empathy during medical study. The present study was designed to investigate changes in cognitive empathy during the internship. Method A study was conducted at the Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All medical students at the beginning of their internship were entered the study as a cohort and asked to complete a two-part questionnaire including demographic characteristics and the Persian version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S). The questionnaire was completed again at the end of the internship. Data were analyzed using SPSS software using paired t- test and one-way repeated measures. Results A total of 108 interns participated with a mean age of 23.85 ± 1.47 years, and a female majority (61.1%). The mean score of standing in the patient’s shoe increased significantly (P < 0.001) during the internship, whereas the mean score of compassionate care decreased (P < 0.001). The overall score of empathy decreased during the internship, but the difference was not statistically significant. (P = 0.105). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean score of empathy and its subscales based on demographic characteristics in the two phases of the study. Conclusion our results revealed that the level of cognitive empathy in the current study was higher than that in previous studies. The changes were consistent with some studies and contradictory to others. Considering that similar changes were observed in the subgroup analysis, it is necessary to focus more on the factors that cause this feeling to fade during the internship through appropriate assessment and timely intervention.

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Empathic Communication and Essential Instruction for Medical Students

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Predictors of Physician Compassion, Empathy, and Related Constructs: a Systematic Review

Predictors of Physician Compassion, Empathy, and Related Constructs: a Systematic Review

Cognitive empathy variations during internship: a study from Iran

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