Empathic Accuracy in Adults with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder During an Unstructured Conversation with a Typically Developing Stranger

Ponnet, Koen; Buysse, Ann; Roeyers, Herbert; Corte, Kim De

doi:10.1007/s10803-005-0003-z

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The procedure used was based on Ickes and colleagues (Ickes, Stinson, Bissonnette, & Garcia, 1990;Marangoni, Garcia, Ickes, & Teng, 1995) and Ponnet and colleagues (Ponnet, Buysse, Roeyers, & De Corte, 2005). The dyad members (one with ADHD and one without ADHD), previously unacquainted to each other, were scheduled to come to the research centre at the same time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empathic accuracy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Demurie

Corel

Roeyers

2011

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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In research on theory of mind (ToM) in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) mainly static mind-reading tasks were used. In this study both a static (Eyes Test) and a more naturalistic (Empathic Accuracy Task) ToM measure were used to investigate the perspective taking abilities of adolescents with ASD (n = 13), adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 13) and typically developing adolescents (n = 18). An innovative aspect concerns the standard stimulus tapes of the Empathic Accuracy Task, which showed interactions between dyads of one adolescent with ADHD and one adolescent without ADHD. In this way, we were able to compare the 'readability' of the thoughts and feelings of adolescents with and without ADHD. The results clearly demonstrate the impairment in perspective taking abilities of adolescents with ASD, both on the static and naturalistic mind-reading task. Moreover, the Empathic Accuracy Task seems to be a useful and promising method to assess ToM abilities in adolescents, with or without clinical problems. Finally, thoughts and feelings of target persons with ADHD seemed to be less easy to read than the thoughts and feelings of typically developing target persons.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) in this study is .85 for the ASD group, .80 for the ADHD group and .78 for the TD group. In this study, we used a Dutch translation of the IRI (Ponnet, Buysse, Roeyers, & De Corte, 2005). Both adolescent participants and their parents completed the questionnaire.…”

Section: Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Iri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Empathic accuracy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Demurie

Corel

Roeyers

2011

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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“…In this paradigm, each participant is an active and interacting member of a dyad instead of being a passive observer. Ponnet, Buysse, Roeyers, and De Corte (2005) 11 developed a study in which high-functioning adults with ASD, with above average intellectual abilities were videotaped with a concealed camera during an initial conversation with a typically developing stranger. Afterwards, they had to infer the unexpressed thoughts and feelings of the other person in the dyad.…”

Section: Empathic Accuracy Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

How impaired is mind-reading in high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism?

Roeyers

Demurie

2010

European Journal of Developmental Psychology

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“…Adolescents and adults with ASD, in particular those with normal IQ (high-functioning ASD) can often perform conceptual ToM tasks at various levels of complexity (76). They have been found to perform better when they were motivated to respond adequately (77) and in structured social interactions (78).…”

Section: Real-life Consequences Of Tom Development and Clinical Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Mind and Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Childhood

2011

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ABSTRACT:To a large extent, the human infant is socialized through the acquisition of a specific cognitive mechanism known as theory of mind (ToM), a term which is currently used to explain a related set of intellectual abilities that enable us to understand that others have beliefs, desires, plans, hopes, information, and intentions that may differ from our own. Various neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental language disorders, and schizophrenia, as well as acquired disorders of the right brain (and traumatic brain injury) impair ToM. ToM is a composite function, which involves memory, joint attention, complex perceptual recognition (such as face and gaze processing), language, executive functions (such as tracking of intentions and goals and moral reasoning), emotion processing-recognition, empathy, and imitation. Hence, ToM development is dependent on the maturation of several brain systems and is shaped by parenting, social relations, training, and education; thus, it is an example of the dense interaction that occurs between brain development and (social) environment. (Pediatr Res 69: 101R-108R, 2011) H uman beings continuously make inferences about the psychological states of others. Each of us is constantly analyzing our impressions of others and constructing theories on the basis of the cues and information we receive. This enables us to understand ourselves and others and is a key determinant of self-organization and affect regulation. In addition to "verbal" descriptions of people and observation of their actions, the individual seeks deeper, more psychologically meaningful understandings and attributions in a causal framework to explain and to predict others' behavior on the basis of internal mental states (1). This kind of theory construction that makes up the core of everyday (folk) psychology is known as Theory of Mind (ToM), a term originating from a study of chimpanzee behavior (2), but entails verbal and conceptual abilities.ToM, mindreading in everyday parlance (3), is one of the subcomponents of social cognition, which embraces all the skills required to manage social communication and relationships in humans and nonhumans. It develops on the basis of certain mentalizing mechanisms and cognitive abilities and gives rise to the awareness that others have a mind with various mental states including beliefs, intuitions, plans, emotions, information, desires, and intentions and that these may differ from one's own. Impairment of ToM ability is often seen in children with autism, even in cases with a normal or high level of intelligence and other cognitive abilities (4).ToM develops fully only in human beings; the presence of a rudimentary ToM in some nonhuman primates and other animals is arguable although they can show very complex social behavior (5). The evolution of ToM probably depends on the increased size of the neocortex and increased importance of vision in primates as well as human beings' complex forms of ...

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Empathic Accuracy in Adults with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder During an Unstructured Conversation with a Typically Developing Stranger

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Empathic accuracy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Empathic accuracy in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

How impaired is mind-reading in high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism?

Theory of Mind and Neurodevelopmental Disorders of Childhood

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