Emparelhamentos e reticulados: estado-da-arte em algoritmos e parâmetros para as famílias mais flexíveis de sistemas criptográficos.

Abstract

Public key cryptography is an area of knowledge undergoing intense research at present. New protocols, primitives and attacks are often proposed, with mutual similarities and differences that may be more or less evident.Some public key cryptographic primitives tend to be extremely prolific in terms of flexibility, efficiency and security. Two trends that fit this category are pairings and lattices. Because of their similar functionalities despite their completely disparate nature, and because of their rare versatility within the whole area of public key cryptography, some authors proposed to call lattices "the new pairings," according to the chronological order by which these primitives began to attract more vivid research interest. In this scenario, a comparative study between them is of reasonable interest, in particular on the advantages and disadvantages that the state of the art reveals about the efficiency of each one. The research reported herein addresses this study, and also contributes efficient pairing implementation techniques (focusing on affine coordinates, which are scarcely explored in literature), new parameters for building compact lattices (in the form of the so-called discrete Rojo algebras) and an innovative technique to instantiate lattices in practical (specifically, a simple and natural algorithm for sampling normally distributed vectors in the lattices that are commonly adopted in cryptographic systems).