Empagliflozin in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Current Evidence and Place in Therapy

Colbert, Gates B.; Madariaga, Hector; Gaddy, Anna; Elrggal, Mohamed E; Lerma, Edgar V.

doi:10.2147/tcrm.s398163

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Some hypoglycemic drugs also have therapeutic effects on renal disorders. For example, SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin) not only reduce the tubule reabsorption of glucose but also improve the kidney filtration capacity and delay the progression of kidney disease by reducing glomerular pressure and albuminuria (219). Overactivation of the RAAS may trigger glomerular hypertension, which in turn promotes the constriction of bulbar arterioles, damages endothelial cells, and leads to albuminuria.…”

Section: Dkd Therapy Current Therapies In Dkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microangiopathy in diabetic patients and the main cause of death in diabetic patients. The main manifestations of DKD are proteinuria and decreased renal filtration capacity. The glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin level are two of the most important hallmarks of the progression of DKD. The classical treatment of DKD is controlling blood glucose and blood pressure. However, the commonly used clinical therapeutic strategies and the existing biomarkers only partially slow the progression of DKD and roughly predict disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutic methods, targets and biomarkers are urgently needed to meet clinical requirements. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of DKD. Epigenetic variation mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification and changes in the noncoding RNA expression profile, which are deeply involved in DKD-related inflammation, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and the activation of abnormal signaling pathways. Since DKD is reversible at certain disease stages, it is valuable to identify abnormal epigenetic modifications as early diagnosis and treatment targets to prevent the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Because the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of DKD is not comprehensive, the purpose of this review is to summarize the role of epigenetic modification in the occurrence and development of DKD and evaluate the value of epigenetic therapies in DKD.

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Section: Dkd Therapy Current Therapies In Dkdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease

Liu

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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Empagliflozin-A Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitor: Overview of its Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

Yadav,

Ahsan,

Panda

et al. 2024

CDR

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Background: Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that has gained significant attention in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding its chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology is crucial for the safe and effective use of this medication. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of empagliflozin, synthesizing the available literature to present a concise summary of its properties and implications for clinical practice. Methods: A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted to identify studies and articles related to the chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of empagliflozin. Data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as post-marketing surveillance reports, were reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Results: Empagliflozin is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor that works by constraining glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing increased urinary glucose elimination. Its unique mechanism of action provides glycemic control, weight reduction, and blood pressure reduction. The drug's chemistry is characterized by its chemical structure, solubility, and stability. Pharmacologically, empagliflozin exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties with rapid absorption, extensive protein binding, and renal elimination. Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in improving glycemic control, reducing cardiovascular risks, and preserving renal function. However, adverse effects, for instance, urinary tract infections, genital infections, and diabetic ketoacidosis have been reported. Toxicological studies indicate low potential for organ toxicity, mutagenicity, or carcinogenicity Conclusion: Empagliflozin is a promising SGLT2 inhibitor that offers an innovative approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its unique action mechanism and favorable pharmacokinetic profile contribute to its efficacy in improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risks. While the drug's safety profile is generally favorable, clinicians should be aware of potential adverse effects and monitor patients closely. More study is required to determine the longterm safety and explore potential benefits in other patient populations. Overall, empagliflozin represents a valuable addition to the armamentarium of antidiabetic medications, offering significant benefits to patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study covers all aspects of empagliflozin, including its history, chemistry, pharmacology, and various clinical studies, case reports, and case series.

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Empagliflozin in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Current Evidence and Place in Therapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease

Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease

Empagliflozin-A Sodium Glucose Co-transporter-2 Inhibitor: Overview of its Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology

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