EMPAGLIFLOZIN AND CANAGLIFLOZIN ATTENUATE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES INTERFERON-λ, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α, INTERLEUKIN-6: POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF DECREASING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Tan, Stanley Andrew; Tan, Linda G.

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32371-4

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…139 , 140 However, in human studies no significant changes in IL-6 levels have been found following treatment with canagliflozin (100 mg/day, 24 weeks). 122 , 141 In contrast, canagliflozin 300 mg/day for 52 weeks was shown to significantly lower serum IL-6 (by 22%) in 100 T2DM patients. 135 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A “promised land” in the COVID-19 era?

Katsiki

Ferrannini

2020

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inflammation is implicated in the development and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Diabetes, especially when uncontrolled, is also recognized as an important risk factor for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, certain inflammatory markers [ i.e. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ferritin] were reported as strong predictors of worse outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients. The same biomarkers have been associated with poor glycemic control. Therefore, achieving euglycemia in patients with diabetes is even more important in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the above, it is clinically interesting to elucidate whether antidiabetic drugs may reduce inflammation, thus possibly minimizing the risk for COVID-19 development and severity. The present narrative review discusses the potential anti-inflammatory properties of certain antidiabetic drugs ( i.e. metformin, pioglitazone, sitagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin), with a focus on CRP, IL-6 and ferritin.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There is one study reporting that empagliflozin significantly reduced circulating IL-6 levels in 32 men T2DM patients; this IL-6-lowering effect of empagliflozin was greater than that of canagliflozin. 122 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A “promised land” in the COVID-19 era?

Katsiki

Ferrannini

2020

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, it is believed that through complex regulatory mechanisms associated with some of the processes mentioned above, SGLT2is may also have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The combined effect of metabolic and haemodynamic factors on the slowing of the atherosclerotic process is also being taken into consideration [1,12,13,26,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”

Section: The Postulated Mechanisms Of the Beneficial Effects Of Sglt2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes is a key independent risk factor in the development of heart failure (HF) and a strong, adverse prognostic factor in HF patients. HF remains the primary cause of hospitalisation for diabetics and, as previous studies have shown, when HF occurs in these patients, intensive glycaemic control does not directly improve the prognosis. Recent clinical studies assessing a new class of antidiabetic drugs, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) showed some unexpected beneficial results. Patients treated with SGLT2is had a significant decrease in both cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality and less hospitalisations due to HF compared to those given a placebo. These significant clinical benefits occurred quickly after the drugs were administered and were not solely due to improved glycaemic control. These groundbreaking clinical trials’ results have already changed clinical practice in the management of patients with diabetes at high CV risk. These trials have triggered numerous experimental studies aimed at explaining the mechanisms of action of this unique group of drugs. This article presents the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of action of SGLT2is developed for the treatment of diabetes and which, thanks to their cardioprotective effects, may, in the future, become a treatment for patients with HF.

show abstract

“…Low-grade inflammation is recognized to contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and to be associated with an increased risk of CVD [132,133]. Many studies have indicated that SGLT2i slightly decrease circulating levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-γ and -α, in patients with T2DM [90,[134][135][136][137]. SGLT2i also reduce M1 macrophage accumulation and polarize M2 macrophages in fat and liver [77].…”

Section: Attenuation Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in diabetic and nondiabetic patients

Xiang

Zhao

Zhou

2021

Cardiovasc Diabetol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were developed as antidiabetic agents, but accumulating evidence has shown their beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Analyses of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients) suggested that these benefits are independent of glycemic control. Several large-scale outcome trials of SGLT2i also showed cardiovascular benefits in nondiabetic patients, strengthening this perspective. Extensive animal and clinical studies have likewise shown that mechanisms other than the antihyperglycemic effect underlie the cardiovascular benefits. Recent clinical guidelines recommend the use of SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases because of the proven cardiovascular protective effects. Since the cardiovascular benefits are independent of glycemic control, the therapeutic spectrum of SGLT2i will likely be extended to nondiabetic patients.

show abstract

EMPAGLIFLOZIN AND CANAGLIFLOZIN ATTENUATE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES INTERFERON-λ, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-α, INTERLEUKIN-6: POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF DECREASING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A “promised land” in the COVID-19 era?

Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A “promised land” in the COVID-19 era?

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: mechanisms of action in heart failure

Cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in diabetic and nondiabetic patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About