Emotions in motion: Dynamic compared to static facial expressions of disgust and happiness reveal more widespread emotion-specific activations

Trautmann, Sina Alexa; Fehr, Thorsten; Herrmann, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.075

Cited by 235 publications

(229 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Because emotions are defined as transitory changes in several components of the organism, the dynamism of facial expressions plays a major role in emotion perception with a beneficial effect on FER accuracy 51. Moreover, neuroimaging studies have highlighted differential neural activity for static versus dynamic facial emotions, with higher activation in response to dynamic stimuli in regions processing socioemotional information, motion and faces and that belong to the mirror neuron system: superior temporal sulcus (STS), visual area, fusiform gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) 52, 53, 54. However, only Kan et al48 investigated the effect of stimuli dynamism on FER in PD.…”

Section: Discrepancies In Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional‐processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia‐based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Section: Discrepancies In Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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“…However, the top-down factors might be enhanced in response to dynamic facial expressions of emotion, and this might have shifted the balance towards the ASE. In fact, evidence from both behavioural (Sato & Yoshikawa, 2007a, 2007bYoshikawa & Sato, 2008) and neuroimaging studies (Kilts, Egan, Gideon, Ely, & Hoffman, 2003;LaBar et al, 2003;Sato, Kochiyama, Yoshikawa, Naito, & Matsumura, 2004;Schultz & Pilz, 2009;Trautmann, Fehr, & Herrmann, 2009) indicates that dynamic facial expressions induce stronger responses than static expressions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger superiority effect: The importance of dynamic emotional facial expressions

Ceccarini

Caudek

2013

Visual Cognition

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A rapid response to a threatening face in a crowd is important to successfully interact in social environments. Visual search tasks have been employed to determine whether there is a processing advantage for detecting an angry face in a crowd, compared to a happy face. The empirical findings supporting the ''anger superiority effect'' (ASE), however, have been criticized on the basis of possible lowlevel visual confounds and because of the limited ecological validity of the stimuli. Moreover, a ''happiness superiority effect'' is usually found with more realistic stimuli. In the present study, we tested the ASE by using dynamic (and static) images of realistic human faces, with validated emotional expressions having similar intensities, after controlling the bottom-up visual saliency and the amount of image motion. In five experiments, we found strong evidence for an ASE when using dynamic displays of facial expressions, but not when the emotions were expressed by static face images.Keywords: Anger superiority effect; Dynamic faces; Face-in-the-crowd effect; Face perception; Emotion.Evolutionary arguments may lead us to expect that threatening faces are detected more efficiently among a crowd of distractor faces than nonthreatening faces. Because facial threat provides a particularly potent social Please address all correspondence to Corrado Caudek, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology, and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Via di San Salvi 12, Complesso di San Salvi, Padiglione 26, 50135 Firenze, Italy. E-mail: corrado.caudek@unifi.it These findings suggest that the ASE might be mediated by mechanisms that are summoned only in part (or not at all) by stimuli lacking the typical dynamic characteristics of facial emotion in natural settings.

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“…In addition, compared to static emotional facial stimuli, dynamic facial stimuli offer an advantage in the intensity evaluation and recognition of emotions (Biele and Grabowska 2006;Recio et al 2011) and increase participants' facial reactions (measured with electromyography) to emotional expressions (Rymarczyk et al 2011;Weyers et al 2006). Furthermore, fMRI findings indicated enhanced EPN activation in response to dynamic compared to static facial expressions: Dynamic expressions of fear, disgust, and happiness increased neural activation in the EPN which was related to emotional, perceptual and motor processing of facial expressions (Sato et al 2004;Trautmann et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of emotion perception depending on culture and gaze direction

et al. 2014

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A person's cultural background as well as their gaze direction have been identified as relevant factors that influence the behavioural and neural processing of emotional expressions. However, research on their combined influence is sparse. Here, we manipulated the cultural background and gaze direction of emotionencoders to investigate the interaction of both factors during the neural processing of emotions. Stimuli consisted of short video sequences showing faces that displayed either direct or averted gaze, expressed either anger or happiness, and represented either cultural in-group (European faces) or cultural out-group members (Asian faces). While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, a group of German participants rated the stimuli with respect to their valence. Results revealed that when anger was expressed with direct gaze, more activation was found in the 123Cult. Brain (2014) 2(1):27-51 DOI 10.1007/s40167-014-0013-9 dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices in response to cultural out-group compared to in-group members. However, when anger was expressed with averted gaze, activity increased in the amygdala and the striatum in response to cultural ingroup compared to out-group members. With respect to happiness, enhanced neural activation in medial and lateral prefrontal cortical areas was associated with the processing of cultural in-group compared to out-group members expressing happiness with direct gaze. These findings indicate a complex interplay between culture, gaze direction and the valence of emotions.

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Emotions in motion: Dynamic compared to static facial expressions of disgust and happiness reveal more widespread emotion-specific activations

Cited by 235 publications

References 77 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Anger superiority effect: The importance of dynamic emotional facial expressions

Neural correlates of emotion perception depending on culture and gaze direction

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