“…On the other side, negative affect factors such as fear, anxiety and shame not only affect cognition but also induce distortive effects on brain functioning by affecting memory recall skill while comprehending or inferencing a text (Bryan, Burstein, & Ergul, 2004). In a similar manner, unfavorable emotions such as confusion, boredom and anxiety negatively impact the composing process by derailing the thought process, causing an aversion to writing (Brand & Powell, 1986). Likewise, lower self-esteem and self-concepts among learners results in the development of negative schema, resulting in unsuccessful reading.…”