Emotional Stroop Dilution: The boundary conditions of attentional capture by threat words

Reynolds, Michael; Langerak, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.05.008

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In contrast to healthy subjects, Parkinson's disease patients responded more slowly and less accurately in the emotional trials than in the control trials, suggesting specific difficulties in processing emotional information. Indeed, faces expressing fear (i.e., negative emotions) were recognized more slowly disturbance has been shown to improve with the combination of STN DBS and levodopa, with this effect being related to the modulation of occipito-temporal activity (Mermillod et al, 2014), which are the regions where we found the highest modulation (N170 source generators shown that Emotional Stroops can be sensitive to the so-called "emotional dilution phenomenon" (Chajut, Schupak, & Algom, 2010;Reynolds & Langerak, 2015), where subject's impaired processing of the emotion decreases the conflict-based difference between congruent and incongruent trials. Thus, by improving emotion recognition and disengagement from the emotion of the face, levodopa would increase susceptibility to both the face and the word, reducing emotional dilution, and thus increasing conflict detection.…”

Section: Emotional Processing Disturbances In Parkinson's Disease Pmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…tional dilution phenomenon"(Chajut, Schupak, & Algom, 2010;Reynolds & Langerak, 2015), where subject's impaired processing of the emotion decreases the conflict-based difference between congruent and incongruent trials. Thus, by improving emotion recognition and disengagement from the emotion of the face, levodopa would increase susceptibility to both the face and the word, reducing emotional dilution, and thus increasing conflict detection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Different effects of levodopa and subthalamic stimulation on emotional conflict in Parkinson's disease

Martínez‐Fernández

Kibleur

Chabardès

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Parkinson's disease impairs the decoding of emotional stimuli reflecting alterations of the limbic cortico‐subcortical network. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of both levodopa and subthalamic stimulation on emotional processing in Parkinson's disease. Operated patients (n =16) and matched healthy subjects performed an emotional Stroop task, in which the emotion expressed by a face must be recognized while ignoring an emotional distractive word and that includes a neutral control sub‐task. Patients were tested in the four possible treatment conditions (off stim/off med; on stim/off med; off stim/on med; and on stim/on med). High‐resolution electroencephalography was recorded while performing the task. Patients made significantly more mistakes in facial emotion recognition than healthy subjects (p < .005). Untreated patients performed worse in the emotional trials than in the control sub‐task (p < .05). Fearful faces induced significantly slower reaction times than happy faces in patients (p = .0002), but not in the healthy subjects. The emotional Stroop effect with levodopa was significantly higher than with subthalamic stimulation when fearful faces were assessed (p = .0243). Conversely, treatments did not modulate the Stroop effect of the control sub‐task. EEG demonstrated that, compared with the untreated state, levodopa but not subthalamic stimulation significantly increases the amplitude of the event‐related potential N170 (p = .002 vs. p = .1, respectively), an electrophysiological biomarker of early aspects of facial processing. The activity of the N170 cortical sources within the right fusiform gyrus was increased by levodopa (p < .05) but not by stimulation. While levodopa normalizes the recognition of emotional facial expression and early EEG markers of emotional processing, subthalamic stimulation does not. Thus, operated patients require dopaminergic medication in addition to stimulation to treat emotional symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

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Section: Emotional Processing Disturbances In Parkinson's Disease Pmentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effects of levodopa and subthalamic stimulation on emotional conflict in Parkinson's disease

Martínez‐Fernández

Kibleur

Chabardès

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Several studies used this task to examine emotional interference using emotional words such as war and abuse and showed that participants who have high anxiety sensitivity tend to respond to words related to anxiety more than to any other words. [33][34][35] Emotional facial expressions or emotional words might often be associated with specific colours (eg, a happy face with yellow or a sad face with blue), [36][37][38] although the studies that found such an association mainly focused on university students as participants, and the association with different background factors such as age, gender, and culture might be unclear. However, interaction between emotional facial expressions and colours in the Stroop task has not been well examined.…”

Section: Social Information Emotion and Colourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention and recognition of social information, including emotion and facial expressions, are often examined, and the Stroop task, particularly the form of it called the emotional Stroop task, is used as one of the experimental methods for such examinations. Several studies used this task to examine emotional interference using emotional words such as war and abuse and showed that participants who have high anxiety sensitivity tend to respond to words related to anxiety more than to any other words …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of visual attention assessed using the Stroop task during the menstrual cycle: Comparison between the menstrual and ovulation phases

Iriguchi

Koda

Koyama

et al. 2019

Color Research & Application

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Women might have changes in perception and cognition of colours according to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Colours are often associated with specific emotional facial expressions, but how these two factors interact with each other and differ according to the cycle has remained unclear. We investigated attentional interference between colours and emotional facial expressions for women in the menstrual compared to the ovulation phases by colour judgment based on the Stroop tasks. Participants identified the colours (either red, yellow, or blue) of three types of face stimuli (happy, neutral, or sad) and corresponding scrambled face stimuli by pressing buttons, and we recorded participants' reaction times. The results showed better performance in the menstrual phase than in the ovulation phase. An interference effect was not observed. However, in the scrambled face stimuli task, only the reaction time for happy scrambled face shape and red did not differ between the phases. Thus, participants might pay stronger attention to faces with colours in the menstrual phase than in the ovulation phase but weaker attention to scrambled face shapes in the menstrual phase.

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“…Researchers have suggested that a dedicated system automatically captures or grasps negative threatening stimuli and prioritizes the processing of such stimuli (Algom et al, 2004;Brosch et al, 2011), and this automatic response to threatening stimuli shares many features with "automatic vigilance" (Pratto, 1994;Wentura et al, 2000). Thereby, our ongoing processing of target tasks can be interrupted by the threat information of negative stimuli, which automatically captures and occupies our attention and has priority processing (Algom et al, 2004;Reynolds and Langerak, 2015;Yamaguchi and Harwood, 2015). Therefore, negative threatening stimuli will always induce an emotional Stroop effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emotional Stroop Effect Is Modulated by the Biological Salience and Motivational Intensity Inherent in Stimuli

Quan

Wang

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Prior research has found significant emotional Stroop effects for negative stimuli, but the results have been inconsistent for positive stimuli. Combining an evolutionary perspective of emotion with the motivational dimensional model of affect, we speculated that the emotional Stroop effect of a stimulus may be influenced by the biological salience and inherent motivational intensity of the stimulus. In the present study, we examined this issue with two experiments. The results indicated that both low-and high-withdrawal-motivation negative stimuli produced a robust emotional Stroop effect; however, the high-withdrawal-motivation negative stimuli produced a stronger emotional Stroop effect than the low-withdrawal-motivation negative stimuli. Regarding positive stimuli, only the high-approach-motivated positive stimuli produced the emotional Stroop effect, unlike the low-approach-motivation positive stimuli. These findings suggest that the emotional Stroop effect is modulated by the biological salience of stimuli and by the motivational intensity inherent in the stimuli. Biological salience and motivational intensity play an additive effect in the emotional Stroop effect.

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Emotional Stroop Dilution: The boundary conditions of attentional capture by threat words

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Different effects of levodopa and subthalamic stimulation on emotional conflict in Parkinson's disease

Different effects of levodopa and subthalamic stimulation on emotional conflict in Parkinson's disease

Modulation of visual attention assessed using the Stroop task during the menstrual cycle: Comparison between the menstrual and ovulation phases

The Emotional Stroop Effect Is Modulated by the Biological Salience and Motivational Intensity Inherent in Stimuli

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