Emotional Selectivity in Perception and Reaction*

Bruner, Jerome S.; Postman, Leo

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1947.tb01076.x

Cited by 267 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…This suggests that the obtained deficits in action verb and visually-related noun processing in the frontal and temporo-occipital groups are due to the cortical lesions and not, as one may want to argue from a psychological perspective, a psychological process such as what has been labeled "perceptual defense". Following Bruner and Postman [7,8], perceptual defense in control subjects could have been the result of motor and/or somatosensory deficits which could have made the patients feel threatened and tense when confronted with words related to actions. This, in turn, could have lead to a higher perception threshold for these items specifically.…”

Section: Methodological Issues: Patient Grouping Neuropsychological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere

2003

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A speeded lexical decision task was used to investigate word-category deficits in patients suffering from lesions in the right hemisphere and in neurological controls without cortical lesion. In all patients from one group (n = 12), the right frontal lobe was affected causing a left-sided hemiparesis. In the second group (n = 6), lesions primarily affected areas in the right inferior temporo-occipital lobes. Patients with motor deficits due to lesions in the spinal cord or in the periphery served as neurological controls (n = 9). Processing of three categories of words was investigated: verbs referring to actions (action verbs (acVs)); nouns with strong visual associations (visually-related nouns (viNs)); and nouns with both strong action and visual associations (bimodal nouns (biNs)). Stimulus categories were matched for word length and normalized lexical frequency. Error scores revealed a significant word category by patient group interaction. Patients with lesions in the right frontal lobe showed most severe deficits in processing action verbs, whereas those with lesions in their right temporo-occipital areas showed most severe deficits in processing visually-related nouns. Neurological controls did not show any differences between word categories. The double dissociation of the processing impairments seen in frontal versus temporo-occipital patients demonstrates that specific word-category deficits can arise from lesions in the right non-dominant hemisphere. An account for these results in terms of distributed neuronal systems representing words is offered.

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Section: Methodological Issues: Patient Grouping Neuropsychological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere

2003

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“…Copyright 1986 by the American Psychological Association, inc. 0003-066X/86/$00.75 Perceptual defenseperceptual vigilance (Bruner & Postman, 1947) Avoidance-vigilance (Cohen & Lazarus, 1973;Janis, 1958Janis, , 1977Janis, , 1982 Repression-sensitization (Bell & Byrne, 1978;Byrne, 1964) Repression-sensitization (Gudjonsson, 1981;Houston & Hodges, 1970) Nonvigilant-vigilant (Averill & Rosenn, 1972) Selective inattentionselective attention (Kahnemann, 1973) Inaccurate-accurate expectations (Johnson & Leventhal, 1974) Reducers-augmenters (Petrie, 1978) Blunting-monitoring (Miller, 1980;Miller & Mangan, 1983) Rejection-attention (Mullen & Suls, 1982) Sealing over-integration (McGlashan, Levy, & Carpenter, 1975) Retreat-encounter (Shontz, 1975) Fragmentation-containment (Shontz, 1975) Avoidance In his model, the memory of a trauma can neither be excluded from consciousness nor integrated fully. The mind has an active memory that has an "intrinsic tendency towards repetition of representations of contents until .…”

Section: July 1986 9 American Psychologistmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress.

Roth¹,

Cohen²

1986

American Psychologist

1,459

1,014

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“…However, when a stimulus is consciously perceived, structural or surface characteristics become more important." What is more, Bruner (1992) uniquely argues that the magnitude of knowledge-base is also an important variable determining unconscious processing. He says, I rather suspect that one of the reasons that experimental results in this domain have been so shaky and so hard to replicate is that we do our research on the unspecialized, the uncommitted, the very ones who, in the totally appropriate French expression, lack une deformation professionelle (p.782).…”

Section: Significant Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bruner (1992), too, suggests that the answer to Greenwald's questions lingers in the neighborhood of 'not very' smart (p. 782). Despite his conclusions, Greenwald does suggests that "it is important not to belittle the significance of the unconscious cognition that has been demonstrated" (p. 773).…”

Section: Levels Of Unconscious Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is the unconscious “smart,” or “dumb?” and if it’s smart, how smart is it?: one more time—with feeling

Haskell¹

2007

THS

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Empirical, conceptual, and methodological issues involved in assessing the analytical power of unconscious processes are examined in light of reviews asking the question: Is the unconscious smart or dumb? It is suggested that among many theoretical differences, the discrepancy between what may be characterized as a more molar approach using everyday and clinical type phenomena on the one hand, and a more cognitive science, molecular approach using simple memorial and perceptual stimuli and stringent laboratory procedures on the other, lead to different answers to the question. Those advocating a more molar approach emphasize the importance of knowledgebase, affective and personally meaningful stimuli presented with longer exposure times, all of which enable a more appropriate cognitive encoding process, leading to different findings bearing on the question. A specifically developed cognitive and linguistic nonmetric methodology that incorporates affective, personally meaningful stimuli in realtime durations are presented. Findings suggest that the analytic power of what are called unconscious processes is more sophisticated than previous molecular and laboratory research has indicated, though not as sophisticated as some claim, and calls for further research using this methodology to shed new light on the question, Is the unconscious smart or dumb?

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Emotional Selectivity in Perception and Reaction*

Abstract: This research was conducted with the aid of a grant from the Laboratory of Social Relatitms of Harvard University The wnters are indebted to Kathenne M SafiFord for her helpful assistancê C G Jung, Studies in word assoctahon (London, W Heinemann, Ltd, 1918)

Cited by 267 publications

References 0 publications

Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere

Word-category specific deficits after lesions in the right hemisphere

Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress.

Is the unconscious “smart,” or “dumb?” and if it’s smart, how smart is it?: one more time—with feeling

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