Emotional Reactivity, Emotion Regulation, and Social Emotions in Affective           Disorders

Förster, Katharina; Kurtz, Marcel; Konrad, Annika; Kanske, Philipp

doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000648

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…17 These reward-and emotion-processing regions have been found to be smaller in adult BD patients, 18 in line with functional impairment of emotion processing and regulation. 19,20 Taken together, the evidence suggests that structural brain changes at least partly occur during or before the onset of BD in adolescence.…”

Section: Effects Of Ageing On Structural Brain Abnormalities In Bipol...mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…We can only speculate about the functional role of grey matter loss as no study has found clear evidence of such connections yet. Grey matter decline in prefrontal and temporal regions might represent a result from reduced inhibitory capacity toward negative emotional states and thereby elevate emotional reactivity resulting in emotional regulation difficulties 20 . Individuals with BD show deficient activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during an affective face task even in euthymic episodes 49,50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neurodevelopment in healthy adolescence has been found to occur both progressively and regressively in areas critical to the reward system and in areas activated by emotional stimuli 17 . These reward‐ and emotion‐processing regions have been found to be smaller in adult BD patients, 18 in line with functional impairment of emotion processing and regulation 19,20 . Taken together, the evidence suggests that structural brain changes at least partly occur during or before the onset of BD in adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Grey matter decline in prefrontal and temporal regions might represent a result from reduced inhibitory capacity toward negative emotional states and thereby elevate emotional reactivity resulting in emotional regulation difficulties. 20 Individuals with BD show deficient activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during an affective face task even in euthymic episodes. 49,50 Moreover, hypoactivity in the prefrontal cortex is a main finding from functional neuroimaging studies in BD patients.…”

Section: Mood Episodes During Study Interval and Their Impact On Stru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progressive grey matter alterations in bipolar disorder across the life span – A systematic review

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesTo elucidate the relationship between the course of bipolar disorder (BD) and structural brain changes across the life span, we conducted a systematic review of longitudinal imaging studies in adolescent and adult BD patients.MethodsEleven studies with 329 BD patients and 277 controls met our PICOS criteria (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome and study design): BD diagnosis based on DSM criteria, natural course of disease, comparison of grey matter changes in BD individuals over ≥1‐year interval between scans.ResultsThe selected studies yielded heterogeneous findings, partly due to varying patient characteristics, data acquisition and statistical models. Mood episodes were associated with greater grey matter loss in frontal brain regions over time. Brain volume decreased or remained stable in adolescent patients, whereas it increased in healthy adolescents. Adult BD patients showed increased cortical thinning and brain structural decline. In particular, disease onset in adolescence was associated with amygdala volume reduction, which was not reported in adult BD.ConclusionsThe evidence collected suggests that the progression of BD impairs adolescent brain development and accelerates structural brain decline across the lifespan. Age‐specific changes in amygdala volume in adolescent BD suggest that reduced amygdala volume is a correlate of early onset BD. Clarifying the role of BD in brain development across the lifespan promises a deeper understanding of the progression of BD patients through different developmental episodes.

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Section: Effects Of Ageing On Structural Brain Abnormalities In Bipol...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Mood Episodes During Study Interval and Their Impact On Stru...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progressive grey matter alterations in bipolar disorder across the life span – A systematic review

et al. 2023

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“…Patients with BD often report an increased emotional reactivity and struggle to regulate and control their emotional reactions 4–7 . To understand the mechanisms of emotion processing changes in BD, their neural correlates have been subject to numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies 3,8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do bipolar disease states affect positive and negative emotion processing? Insights from a meta‐analysis on the neural fingerprints of emotional processing

Förster,

Maliske,

Schurz

et al. 2023

Bipolar Disorders

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BackgroundFunctional magnetic resonance imaging studies on emotion processing in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show hyperactivity of limbic‐striatal brain areas and hypoactivity in inferior frontal areas compared to healthy participants. However, heterogeneous results in patients with different disease states and different valences of emotional stimuli have been identified.MethodsTo integrate previous results and elucidate the impact of disease state and stimulus valence, we conducted a systematic literature search for journal articles in the Web of Science Core Collection including MEDLINE databases and employed a coordinate‐based‐meta‐analysis of functional‐MRI studies comparing emotion processing in BD‐patients with healthy participants using seed‐based d mapping (SDM) to test for between‐subjects‐effects. We included 31 studies published before 11/2022 with a total of N = 766 BD‐patients and N = 836 controls.ResultsPatients with BD showed hyperactivated regions involved in salience processing of emotional stimuli (e.g., the bilateral insula) and hypoactivation of regions associated with emotion regulation (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus) during emotion processing, compared to healthy participants. A more detailed descriptive analysis revealed a hypoactive (anterior) insula in manic BD‐patients specifically for negative in comparison to positive emotion processing.DiscussionThis meta‐analysis corroborates the overall tenor of existing literature that patients with BD show an increased emotional reactivity (hyperactivity of salience‐processing regions) together with a lower (cognitive) control (hypoactivity of brain areas associated with emotion regulation) over emotional states. Our analysis suggests reduced interoceptive processing of negative stimuli in mania, pointing out the need for longitudinal within‐subject analyses of emotion processing.

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Risk factors for internalizing symptoms: The influence of empathy, theory of mind, and negative thinking processes

Konrad,

Förster,

Stretton

et al. 2024

Human Brain Mapping

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Internalizing symptoms such as elevated stress and sustained negative affect can be important warning signs for developing mental disorders. A recent theoretical framework suggests a complex interplay of empathy, theory of mind (ToM), and negative thinking processes as a crucial risk combination for internalizing symptoms. To disentangle these relationships, this study utilizes neural, behavioral, and self‐report data to examine how the interplay between empathy, ToM, and negative thinking processes relates to stress and negative affect. We reanalyzed the baseline data of N = 302 healthy participants (57% female, Mage = 40.52, SDage = 9.30) who participated in a large‐scale mental training study, the ReSource project. Empathy and ToM were assessed using a validated fMRI paradigm featuring naturalistic video stimuli and via self‐report. Additional self‐report scales were employed to measure internalizing symptoms (perceived stress, negative affect) and negative thinking processes (rumination and self‐blame). Our results revealed linear associations of self‐reported ToM and empathic distress with stress and negative affect. Also, both lower and higher, compared to average, activation in the anterior insula during empathic processing and in the middle temporal gyrus during ToM performance was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms. These associations were dependent on rumination and self‐blame. Our findings indicate specific risk constellations for internalizing symptoms. Especially people with lower self‐reported ToM and higher empathic distress may be at risk for more internalizing symptoms. Quadratic associations of empathy‐ and ToM‐related brain activation with internalizing symptoms depended on negative thinking processes, suggesting differential effects of cognitive and affective functioning on internalizing symptoms. Using a multi‐method approach, these findings advance current research by shedding light on which complex risk combinations of cognitive and affective functioning are relevant for internalizing symptoms.

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Emotional Reactivity, Emotion Regulation, and Social Emotions in Affective Disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 108 publications

Progressive grey matter alterations in bipolar disorder across the life span – A systematic review

Progressive grey matter alterations in bipolar disorder across the life span – A systematic review

How do bipolar disease states affect positive and negative emotion processing? Insights from a meta‐analysis on the neural fingerprints of emotional processing

Risk factors for internalizing symptoms: The influence of empathy, theory of mind, and negative thinking processes

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