Emotional, psychophysiological and behavioral responses elicited by the exposition to cyberbullying situations: Two experimental studies

Abstract

Two experimental studies investigated whether the exposure to cyberbullying situations produces in bullied youth, and in young people in general, higher levels of stress, negative emotions, and attention levels, in comparison to other peer interactions, including bullying. In both studies, participants' physiological activation (Study 1 and 2) and behavioral data (Study 2) were recorded while watching four 1-minute videos representing cyberbullying, face-to-face bullying, prosocial, and neutral interactions. Self-report questionnaires assessed participants' emotional responses to the videos, and victimization. Sixty-one adolescents (65.7% girls) participated in Study 1; 35 young adults (60% girls) participated in Study 2. Results indicate that cyberbullying causes higher stress and negative emotions than prosocial and neutral peer interactions, but not than bullying. Cyberbullying also elicited higher levels of stress and negative emotions in victims than non-victims, but only for adolescents.

Repercussões Emocionais Do Cyberbullying: Um Estudo De Autorrelatos

“…O nojo, o desgosto (ambas as emoções presentes em 3 autorrelatos) e a raiva (presente em 2 autorrelatos) são as que se seguem, sendo que o nojo se associa à vergonha, ao desapontamento, ao desgosto e à angústia. O desgosto, para além de se associar ao nojo, também se associa ao medo e à tristeza, enquanto que a raiva -emoção desencadeada pelo elevado nível de stress que as situações de suscitam na vítima (Caravita et al, 2016) -surge associada à dor, à culpa e à vingança.…”

Disminución de la ansiedad en las víctimas del bullying durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

“…Sin embargo, en las víctimas de bullying la exposición a imágenes sociales produce respuestas fisiológicas de estrés y respuestas emocionales de temor y tristeza, incluso cuando dichas imágenes expresan conductas prosociales. Los resultados de estas investigaciones muestran que las expectativas de estos adolescentes ante las interacciones sociales tienden a ser negativas (Caravita, Colombo, Stefanelli y Zigliani, 2016), dando lugar a respuestas defensivas desadaptativas y a motivaciones que no solucionan el conflicto y que generan malestar emocional en la víctima, como la venganza la evitación o la benevolencia (León-Moreno, Martínez-Ferrer, Musitu y Moreno, 2019). Recientes estudios han vinculado la percepción negativa de los iguales y las metas de evitación social con la ansiedad social (Gómez-Ortiz, Zea, Ortega-Ruiz & Romera, 2020).…”

The Level Of Exposure To Cyber Bullying For Employees In Workplace

“…Monks, Mahdavi, & Rixa (2016) describe cyber bullying as intimidation, harassment, and ill-treatment against another person or group of people, including repeatedly channeling aggression and using technological tools to create power imbalance between perpetrator and aggressor. Caravita, Colombo, Stefanelli, & Zigliani (2016) is defined as any harmful behavior through cyber bullying, electronic or digital media. It has been suggested that the specific properties of cyber aggression are caused by the high stresses of exposure to cyberbullying, especially because the attacker's possible hidden name and the fact that it is impossible for the victims to avoid attacks by electronic devices.…”