Emotional memory in pregnant women at risk for postpartum depression

Williams, Marissa; Becker, Suzanna; McKinnon, Margaret C.; Wong, Queenie Y.; Cudney, Lauren E.; Steiner, Meir; Frey, Benício N.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…10 Given that previous studies have shown that elevated levels of sCORT and sAA during incidental encoding is associated with better memory for emotional content, 11 and individuals currently depressed recall more negative compared to positive content, 12 our results suggested that clinical remission may be associated with an opposite cognitive processing of negative emotional information. 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Participants returned a week later to complete the incidental recognition memory task. 10 It is important to note that these results were positive in the whole sample. sCORT means for the high-and low-risk groups immediately after the task were 3.63 and 2.97 nmol/L, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…16 Incidental encoding and recognition memory tasks including positive, neutral, and negative images selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and sorbettes used to collect the salivary hormone samples are previously described. 10 Collection time of samples was based on the participants' schedule and occurred between 10:00 and 19:00 hrs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary cortisol during memory encoding in pregnancy predicts postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study

Williams

Frey

2017

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Brief Communication ResumoIntrodução: A depressão pós-parto é um transtorno prevalente que afeta negativamente a qualidade de vida da mãe e da criança. Neste estudo longitudinal, nós investigamos se a memória emocional, o cortisol salivar (salivary cortisol, sCORT) ou alfa-amilase durante a gravidez predizem sintomas depressivos no período pós-parto. Métodos: Um total de 44 mulheres grávidas [14 eutímicas com diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) e 30 voluntárias sadias] entre 19 e 37 anos de idade (idade média = 29.5±4.1 anos) foram avaliadas longitudinalmente no 2º trimestre da gravidez (12-22 semanas de gestação) e na 14-17ª semana pós-parto. Sintomas depressivos foram avaliados com a Escala de Depressão Pós-Natal de Edimburgo (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS). Resultados: Quarenta e uma mulheres completaram o seguimento (7% de perda). sCORT coletado imediatamente antes de um teste de aquisição memória durante a gravidez foi preditor dos escores da escala EPDS no período pós-parto (b=-0.78, t -2.14 , p=0.04). Memória emocional positiva (p=0.27) ou negativa (p=0.85) não foram preditores dos escores da escala EPDS no período pós-parto. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo indicam que altos níveis de sCORT durante um teste de aquisição de memória no 2º trimestre da gravidez foram associados com baixos escores na escala EPDS no período pós-parto. Uma vez que o eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HHA) tenha sido envolvido na neurobiologia do TDM, o papel do eixo HHA na depressão perinatal merece mais atenção. Descritores: Gravidez, depressão pós-parto, transtorno depressivo maior, cortisol salivar, memória emocional. AbstractIntroduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder that substantially decreases quality of life for both mother and child. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether emotional memory, salivary cortisol (sCORT) or alphaamylase during pregnancy predict postpartum depressive symptoms. Methods: Forty-four pregnant women (14 euthymic women with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder [MDD] and 30 healthy women) between the ages of 19 and 37 years (mean age = 29.5±4.1 years) were longitudinally assessed in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy (12-22 weeks of gestational age) and again at 14-17 weeks postpartum. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Follow-ups were completed for 41 women (7% attrition). Postpartum EPDS scores were predicted by sCORT collected immediately after an incidental encoding memory task during pregnancy (b=-0.78, t -2.14 , p=0.04). Postpartum EPDS scores were not predicted by positive (p=0.27) or negative (p=0.85) emotional memory. Conclusions:The results of this study indicate that higher levels of sCORT during a memory encoding task in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy are associated with lower postpartum EPDS scores. While the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has long been associated with the neurobiology of MDD, the role of the HPA...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary cortisol during memory encoding in pregnancy predicts postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study

Williams

Frey

2017

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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“…Although estrogen plays a crucial role in fertility, psychopathologies such as mood and anxiety disorders involving estrogen dysregulations have been reported (Heldring et al., 2007; McEwen, 1998; Sakaki & Mather, 2012; Wheelan et al., 2018). Interactions with other hormones show that estrogen receptor (ER) activation acts to induce oxytocin receptor expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal separation: Does it hold the potential to model consequences of postpartum depression?

Mundorf

Bölükbas

Freund

2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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The postpartum period is a sensitive time where women are especially vulnerable to develop postpartum depression (PPD), with 10%-15% of women affected. This review investigates whether the maternal separation (MS) paradigm in rodents holds the potential to help to understand mothers suffering from PPD. MS is a well-established stress model to investigate effects on infants, whereas effects on the dam are often overlooked. The database PubMed was searched for studies investigating effects of daily MS within the first weeks after parturition on dams in rats and mice and compared to findings in PPD mothers. MS was categorized as brief MS (5-45 min) with or without handling of pups and long MS (3-4 h and longer). MS alters maternal care, depressive-like behavior, anxiety, and aggression; leads to alterations in neuronal gene expression; and affects hormone and neurotransmitter levels similar to observations in PPD patients. Even though there are disparities between human and rodent mothers, with some results differing in directionality, as well as the reason for separation (selfinduced in PPD, externally induced in MS), the overall effects found on neurobiological, hormonal, and behavioral levels mostly coincide. Thus, the MS paradigm can add relevant knowledge to existing PPD animal models, further advancing the study of PPD.

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“…When priming is used to probe memory for semantically encoded materials, people with current MDD/dysthymia favour negative over positive materials, which is the opposite of healthy control participants [17]. In contrast, studies using a recognition memory task demonstrated intact recognition memory for both positive and negative materials [18–20] despite impaired valence-independent recall [19] in current MDD or, intriguingly, decreased negative and intact positive recognition memory in pregnant women with rMDD [21]. One study found subtle effects of personal relevance rather than valence or overall recognition memory performance in current MDD [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life stress explains reduced positive memory biases in remitted depression

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThere is contradictory evidence regarding negative memory biases in major depressive disorder (MDD) and whether these persist into remission, which would suggest their role as vulnerability traits rather than correlates of mood state. Early life stress (ELS), common in patients with psychiatric disorders, has independently been associated with memory biases, and confounds MDD versus control group comparisons. Furthermore, in most studies negative biases could have resulted from executive impairments rather than memory difficulties per se.MethodsTo investigate whether memory biases are relevant to MDD vulnerability and how they are influenced by ELS, we developed an associative recognition memory task for temporo-spatial contexts of social actions with low executive demands, which were matched across conditions (self-blame, other-blame, self-praise, other-praise). We included fifty-three medication-free remitted MDD (25 with ELS, 28 without) and 24 healthy control (HC) participants without ELS.ResultsOnly MDD patients with ELS showed a reduced bias (accuracy/speed ratio) towards memory for positive vs. negative materials when compared with MDD without ELS and with HC participants; attenuated positive biases correlated with number of past major depressive episodes, but not current symptoms. There were no biases towards self-blaming or self-praising memories.ConclusionsThis demonstrates that reduced positive biases in associative memory were specific to MDD patients with ELS rather than a general feature of MDD, and were associated with lifetime recurrence risk which may reflect a scarring effect. If replicated, our results would call for stratifying MDD patients by history of ELS when assessing and treating emotional memories.

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Emotional memory in pregnant women at risk for postpartum depression

Cited by 11 publications

References 89 publications

Salivary cortisol during memory encoding in pregnancy predicts postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study

Salivary cortisol during memory encoding in pregnancy predicts postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study

Maternal separation: Does it hold the potential to model consequences of postpartum depression?

Early life stress explains reduced positive memory biases in remitted depression

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