“…CSE is considered to be "a basic, fundamental appraisal of one's worthiness, effectiveness, and capability as a person" (Judge et al, 2003, p. 304). People with positive CSE usually like themselves and are confident in their own capabilities and effectiveness in handling work and life issues, while those with negative CSE dislike themselves and feel incapable and powerless (Jiang & Jiang, 2015). According to Judge, Locke, and Durham (1997), CSE consists of four personality traits that underlie individuals' cognitive appraisal processes: locus of control, emotional stability, generalized self-efficacy, and self-esteem.…”