Emotional cues from expressive behavior of women and men with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

ObjectiveEmotional experience of people with Parkinson’s disease is prone to being misunderstood by observers and even healthcare practitioners, which affects treatment effectiveness and makes clients suffer distress in their social lives. This study was designed to identify reliable emotional cues from expressive behavior in women and men with Parkinson’s disease.MethodVideotaped expressive behavior of 96 participants during an interview of discussing enjoyable events was rated using the Interpersonal Communication Rating Protocol. Indices from emotional measures were represented in three components. Correlational analyses between expressive behavior domains and emotional components were conducted for the total sample and by gender separately.ResultsMore gross motor expressivity and smiling/laughing indicated more positive affect in the total sample. Less conversational engagement indicated more negative affect in women. However, women with more negative affect and depression appeared to smile and laugh more.ConclusionThis study identified reliable cues from expressive behavior that could be used for assessment of emotional experience in people with Parkinson’s disease. For women, because smiling/laughing may convey two possible meanings, that is, more positive and more negative affect, this cue needs to be interpreted cautiously and be used for detecting the intensity, not the type, of emotional experience. Healthcare practitioners should be sensitive to valid cues to make an accurate evaluation of emotion in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Gender-aware Parkinson’s care: a design-based study of patient perspectives on gender norms and gender-sensitive care

“…This study suggested that these socially desired behaviours can be misunderstood by observers, even healthcare professionals, and mask negative emotional experiences of women with PD, particularly when smiling and laughing is expressed with less conversational engagement. 43 These findings are in line with the remarks of women in our study that the performance of certain social roles, such as active family care and household duties, can mask experienced difficulties with PD-related symptoms observed by others. Subsequently, this can lead to inaccurate evaluations of emotional and physical well-being of women with PD, intensify feelings of not being listened to or taken seriously and could explain why the women in this study described their need for- and use of more adaptive coping strategies compared to men.…”