Emotional context facilitates cortical prediction error responses

Vogel, Bob O.; Shen, Christina; Neuhaus, Andres H.

doi:10.1002/hbm.22868

Cited by 33 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…the 71 effect of expectation on conscious perception is exaggerated for emotional stimuli. Previous studies have found 72 that surprise-related evoked potentials are larger and earlier for emotional than neutral stimuli (Vogel et al, 2015, 73 Kovarski et al, 2017, Chen et al, 2017. If the effect of expectation is even larger for emotional stimuli, as this 74 suggests, then we might expect that earlier conscious perception of expected than unexpected stimuli (after an 75 initial period of unawareness) is even more extreme for emotional stimuli.…”

Section: Introduction 28mentioning

confidence: 81%

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

McFadyen

Smout

Tsuchiya

et al. 2019

Preprint

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15Our survival depends on how well we can rapidly detect threats in our environment. To facilitate this, the brain is 16 faster to bring threatening or rewarding visual stimuli into conscious awareness than neutral stimuli. Unexpected 17 events may indicate a potential threat, and yet we tend to respond slower to unexpected than expected stimuli. It 18 is unclear if or how these effects of emotion and expectation interact with one's conscious experience. To 19 investigate this, we presented neutral and fearful faces with different probabilities of occurance in a breaking 20 continuous flash suppression (bCFS) paradigm. Across two experiments, we discovered that fulfilled prior 21 expectations hastened responses to neutral faces but had either no significant effect (Experiment 1) or the opposite 22 effect (Experiment 2) on fearful faces. Drift diffusion modelling revealed that, while prior expectations accelerated 23 stimulus encoding time (associated with the visual cortex), evidence was accumulated at an especially rapid rate 24 for unexpected fearful faces (associated with activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus). Hence, these findings 25 demonstrate a novel interaction between emotion and expectation during bCFS, driven by a unique influence of 26 surprising fearful stimuli that expedites evidence accumulation in a fronto-occipital network. 27 Like predictable events, threatening stimuli are also prioritised for conscious access (Otten et al., 2017). For 63 example, fearful faces , snakes and spiders (Gomes et al., 2017), and fear-conditioned stimuli (Gayet et al., 2016) 64 are consciously perceived earlier than neutral stimuli during breaking continuous flash suppression (bCFS; 65 Tsuchiya and Koch, 2005, Jiang et al., 2007). Fearful stimuli have been shown to increase the rate of evidence 66To test the three hypotheses above, we conducted two bCFS experiments and one control experiment (see 101 Supplementary Materials).In Experiment 1, we established how expectation interacts with threat in bringing 102 stimuli into conscious perception. In Experiment 2, we adapted the design of Experiment 1 to incorporate EEG so 103 that we could observe the spatio-temporal maps of neural activity underlying the effects of emotion and expectation 104 during bCFS. We also conducted drift diffusion modelling (DDM) to examine which parameters of the decision-105 making process explained the differences in response time between conditions and how this was reflected in neural 106 activity. DDM has been used in previous studies investigating consciousness that equate the upper decision 107 boundary to the threshold for awareness (De Loof et al., 2016, Kang et al., 2017. Here, response times in the 108 bCFS paradigm reflected a perceptual decision (whether the face was rotated clockwise or anticlockwise) that 109 required conscious perception (Kang et al., 2017). We investigated how the rate of evidence accumulation (drift 110 rate; v), sensory processing and/or motor execution (non-decision time; t0), and the decision bounda...

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Section: Introduction 28mentioning

confidence: 81%

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

McFadyen

Smout

Tsuchiya

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Here, the shorter vMMN latency to the oblique bar pattern (a simple stimulus) indicates that deviancy is detected earlier in the context of complex stimuli than a complex deviant event within the sequence of more simple ones. When the standard and the deviant are similar [e.g., belonging to the same category (oblique lines: Kimura et al ( 2009 , 2010 ); facial categories and emotions: Yu et al ( 2017 ), Vogel et al ( 2015 ), Kreegipuu et al ( 2013 ); left vs. right hand: Stefanics and Czigler ( 2012 )], deviant-related negativity included longer latency ranges, or there were mismatch components in various ranges, whereas in the case of highly different standard and deviant (e.g., symmetric vs. asymmetric patterns), the difference potential was confined to an earlier and narrower latency range. Furthermore, using similar standards and deviants such as disappearing parts of an object (Sulykos et al 2017 ) and checkerboards with alternating locations of the dark and light squares (Sulykos et al 2018 ), an identical earlier phase of the vMMN appeared for both younger and older groups, whereas the later part was absent or diminished in the elderly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual mismatch negativity and stimulus-specific adaptation: the role of stimulus complexity

et al. 2019

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The present study investigated the function of the brain activity underlying the visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) event-related potential (ERP) component. Snowflake patterns (complex stimuli) were presented as deviants and oblique bar patterns (simple stimuli) as standards, and vice versa in a passive oddball paradigm. Control (equiprobable) sequences of either complex shape patterns or oblique bar patterns with various orientations were also presented. VMMN appeared as the difference between the ERP to the oddball deviant and the ERP to the control (deviant minus control ERP difference). Apart from the shorter latency of the vMMN to the oblique bar pattern as deviant, vMMN to both deviants was similar, i.e., there was no amplitude difference. We attributed the function of the brain processes underlying vMMN to the detection of the infrequent stimulus type (also represented in memory) instead of a call for further processing (a possibility for acquiring more precise representation) of the deviant. An unexpected larger adaptation (control minus standard ERP difference) to the snowflake pattern was also obtained. We suggest that this was due to the acquisition of a more elaborate memory representation of the more complex stimulus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00221-019-05494-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…According to this model, vMMN is elicited when an input does not match the prediction induced by regular and probabilistic representation. This interpretation would explain not only deviancy effects in oddball paradigms, but also violations of regularity in sequential patterns (see Kimura et al, 2011 ; Kimura, 2012 ; Vogel et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Facial Expression Related vMMN: Disentangling Emotional from Neutral Change Detection

Kovarski

Latinus

Charpentier

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Detection of changes in facial emotional expressions is crucial to communicate and to rapidly and automatically process possible threats in the environment. Recent studies suggest that expression-related visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) reflects automatic processing of emotional changes. In the present study we used a controlled paradigm to investigate the specificity of emotional change-detection. In order to disentangle specific responses to emotional deviants from that of neutral deviants, we presented neutral expression as standard stimulus (p = 0.80) and both angry and neutral expressions as deviants (p = 0.10, each). In addition to an oddball sequence, an equiprobable sequence was presented, to control for refractoriness and low-level differences. Our results showed that in an early time window (100–200 ms), the controlled vMMN was greater than the oddball vMMN only for the angry deviant, suggesting the importance of controlling for refractoriness and stimulus physical features in emotion related studies. Within the controlled vMMN, angry and neutral deviants both elicited early and late peaks occurring at 140 and 310 ms, respectively, but only the emotional vMMN presented sustained amplitude after each peak. By directly comparing responses to emotional and neutral deviants, our study provides evidence of specific activity reflecting the automatic detection of emotional change. This differs from broader “visual” change processing, and suggests the involvement of two partially-distinct pre-attentional systems in the detection of changes in facial expressions.

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Emotional context facilitates cortical prediction error responses

Cited by 33 publications

References 66 publications

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

Surprising Threats Accelerate Evidence Accumulation for Conscious Perception

Visual mismatch negativity and stimulus-specific adaptation: the role of stimulus complexity

Facial Expression Related vMMN: Disentangling Emotional from Neutral Change Detection

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