Emotion Socialization Mechanisms Linking Chinese Fathers’, Mothers’, and Children’s Emotion Regulation: A Moderated Mediation Model

Han, Zhuo Rachel; Qian, Jin; Gao, Mengyu; Jiang, Dong

doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0158-y

Cited by 55 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…According to previous research, the original version of the CCNES demonstrated satisfactory internal reliabilities (α = 0.69–0.85) and test–retest reliabilities ( r = 0.56–0.83; Eisenberg et al, 1999 ; Fabes et al, 2002 ). The Chinese version of the CCNES also demonstrated acceptable internal reliabilities regarding all subscales (α = 0.68–0.75) and the supportive and unsupportive indexes (α = 0.85–0.91) ( Tao et al, 2010 ; Han et al, 2015 ). The internal reliabilities were good for both supportive (α = 0.90) and unsupportive (α = 0.86) indexes in the current study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…A growing body of Western research has supported the link between parents’ emotion socialization behaviors and child psychopathological symptoms ( Eisenberg et al, 1998a ; Silk et al, 2011 ), as well as children’s emotion regulation as a possible underlying mechanism of the link ( Morris et al, 2007 ; Han and Shaffer, 2014 ). Meanwhile, theories and related empirical evidence have also indicated the possible variability of the above associations in different families ( Eisenberg et al, 1998b ; Han et al, 2015 ). Compared with the Western culture which encourages children to express their feelings and individual independence, Chinese tradition emphasizes the inhibition of emotions and children’s obedience to parents ( Butler et al, 2007 ; Chao, 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parents rated the extent to which the descriptions accurately reflected their children’s emotions or behaviors on a four-point Likert scale (from 1 “not at all like this” to 4 “exactly like this”). Given that our developed theoretical framework focused more on the processes central to children’s adaptive control and regulation of emotions rather than children’s negative emotionality, and that CCNES may be more directly relate to the ways children coping with their emotions arousals (e.g., adaptive expression, suppression) rather than directly influence children’s negative emotionality ( Cole et al, 2009 ; Han et al, 2015 ), the emotion regulation subscale was used. Satisfactory internal reliabilities were found in previous studies for the original version (α = 0.83–0.96; Shields and Cicchetti, 1997 ) as well as the Chinese version (α = 0.69–0.94; Chang et al, 2003 ; Han et al, 2015 ) of ERC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, unsupportive parents view negative emotions as harmful or aversive, they tend to criticize and punish children for expressing negative emotions, in the hope of avoiding or quickly stopping children from expressing negative emotions ( Gottman et al, 1996 ; Lunkenheimer et al, 2007 ). A substantial amount of evidence documented the relation between parental reactions to children’s negative emotions and child emotion regulation ( Cole et al, 2009 ; Han et al, 2015 ). For example, researchers indicated that parental supportive emotion socialization (e.g., focusing on children’s emotional experience or the problems that have elicited negative emotions, or encouraging children to express their emotions) could assist children in learning emotion-related knowledge and enhance their emotional awareness, thus facilitate children to develop adaptive emotion regulation skills, whereas parental unsupportive emotion socialization, such as hostility toward and minimization of children’s emotional experience, has been linked to deficiency in child emotion regulation ( Eisenberg et al, 1998a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few empirical studies have validated the potential moderating effect of such interaction on the association among parental emotion socialization, child emotion regulation and child’s psychosocial adjustment, with majority of studies only focused on the moderating roles of child characteristics, such as temperament and physiological resilience (e.g., Yagmurlu and Altan, 2010 ; Perry et al, 2012 ). Thus, an examination of the interplay between parental emotion socialization and parent–child dyadic collaboration, which illustrates the goal-corrected partnership between parent and child in middle childhood, would provide a more comprehensive understanding of child emotion regulation and the development of psychopathological symptoms ( Rutter and Sroufe, 2000 ; Morris et al, 2007 ; Han et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Parental Emotion Socialization and Child Psychological Adjustment among Chinese Urban Families: Mediation through Child Emotion Regulation and Moderation through Dyadic Collaboration

2017

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The theoretical model of emotion regulation and many empirical findings have suggested that children’s emotion regulation may mediate the association between parents’ emotion socialization and children’s psychological adjustment. However, limited research has been conducted on moderators of these relations, despite the argument that the associations between parenting practices and children’s psychological adjustment are probabilistic rather than deterministic. This study examined the mediating role of children’s emotion regulation in linking parents’ emotion socialization and children’s psychological adjustment, and whether dyadic collaboration could moderate the proposed mediation model in a sample of Chinese parents and their children in their middle childhood. Participants were 150 Chinese children (87 boys and 63 girls, Mage = 8.54, SD = 1.67) and their parents (Mage = 39.22, SD = 4.07). Parent–child dyadic collaboration was videotaped and coded from an interaction task. Parents reported on their emotion socialization, children’s emotion regulation and psychopathological symptoms. Results indicated that child emotion regulation mediated the links between parental emotion socialization and child’s psychopathological symptoms. Evidence of moderated mediation was also found: supportive emotion socialization and child emotion regulation were positively correlated only at high and medium levels of dyadic collaboration, with child’s psychopathological symptoms as the dependent variables. Our findings suggested that higher-level parent–child collaboration might further potentiate the protective effect of parental supportive emotion socialization practices against child psychopathological symptoms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental Emotion Socialization and Child Psychological Adjustment among Chinese Urban Families: Mediation through Child Emotion Regulation and Moderation through Dyadic Collaboration

2017

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Preschoolers’ dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) change during a challenging parent‐child interactive task: Relations with preschoolers’ socioemotional health

West

Shaffer

Wickrama

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a biomarker of physiological functioning that has been implicated in self‐regulatory processes and shown to relate to children's socioemotional health. RSA is a dynamic process reflecting an individual's response to their environment; thus, temporally sensitive methods are critical to better understanding this self‐regulatory process in different contexts. Prior work has studied young children's RSA change in the context of emotion clips and interactions with a stranger. The present study meaningfully expanded upon this work by examining: (a) preschoolers’ dynamic RSA change during a challenging task with their mothers, and (b) factors that may explain variability in children's dynamic RSA change. Preschoolers (N = 108; Mage = 3.56 years) and their mothers from diverse backgrounds completed a challenging activity together while children's physiological activity was monitored. Mothers reported on children's positive affect, parent emotional support, and family cohesion and indicators of socioemotional health. Children's positive affect and family cohesion explained variability in children's dynamic RSA change, which concurrently related to better socioemotional health. This study advances research and theory on biological correlates implicated in the development of children's self‐regulation and furthers our understanding of factors that may support children's developing self‐regulation at the physiological level.

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Development and validation of a scale assessing parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions

Ding,

Liu,

Luo

et al. 2023

J Clin Psychol

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ObjectivesParental responses to children's negative emotions (PRCNE) constitute a critical construct in the study of emotion socialization in children and adolescents. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a concise scale for assessing how adolescents perceive PRCNE in a Chinese context, resulting in the creation of the parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions (PVRCANE) scale. The PVRCANE aims to evaluate seven forms of PRCNE, including the six types encompassed by the commonly used Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale‐Adolescent Version (CCNES‐AV), as well as an additional, culturally specific category frequently seen in Chinese families: didactic talk and teaching.MethodsIn Study 1, a group of participants (N = 901, Mage = 13.39 years, SD = 0.92) completed the initial PVRCANE and the CCNES‐Adolescent Version. In Study 2: A separate group of participants (N = 320, Mage = 13.54 years, SD = 0.57) filled in PVRCANE and scales evaluating parental socialization goals and adolescents' depressive symptoms.ResultsIn Study 1, factor analyses showed that a four‐factor structure best fit the data, leading to the final version of the PVRCANE, which includes 35 items. PVRCANE scores exhibited good internal consistency (Omega > 0.79) and convergent validity, demonstrated by their close correlation with traditional CCNES scores. Study 2 confirmed the PVRCANE's measurement invariance for both male and female parents and demonstrated criterion validity by showing significant relationships between PVRCANE scores, parental socialization goals, and adolescents' symptoms of depression.ConclusionThe PVRCANE is a brief, valid, and reliable scale for assessing PRCNE in Chinese adolescents. The study concludes with a discussion on future directions and how this research enhances the existing literature on emotion socialization, with a particular emphasis on the scale's potential application in other cultural settings.

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Emotion Socialization Mechanisms Linking Chinese Fathers’, Mothers’, and Children’s Emotion Regulation: A Moderated Mediation Model

Cited by 55 publications

References 54 publications

Parental Emotion Socialization and Child Psychological Adjustment among Chinese Urban Families: Mediation through Child Emotion Regulation and Moderation through Dyadic Collaboration

Parental Emotion Socialization and Child Psychological Adjustment among Chinese Urban Families: Mediation through Child Emotion Regulation and Moderation through Dyadic Collaboration

Preschoolers’ dynamic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) change during a challenging parent‐child interactive task: Relations with preschoolers’ socioemotional health

Development and validation of a scale assessing parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions

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