Emotion socialization and internalizing behavior problems in diverse youth: A bidirectional relationship across childhood

Abstract

Mothers’ and fathers’ emotion socialization (ES) practices have been widely associated with child socioemotional outcomes. To extend this research, we examined the bidirectional relationship between parent ES practices (supportive and non-supportive parenting) and internalizing behavior problems in children of Anglo and Latino parents. Participants were 182 mothers and 162 fathers and their children with or without intellectual disability (ID). We compared the stability of mother and father ES practices across child ages 4 to 8. We utilized cross-lagged panel modeling to examine the bidirectional relationship between parents’ ES and child internalizing behavior problems. Emotion socialization practices differed across time by parent gender, with mothers displaying higher levels of supportive parenting and lower levels of non-supportive parenting than fathers. Cross-lagged panel models revealed differential relationships between child internalizing behaviors and emotion socialization practices by parent gender and by ethnicity. Implications for intervening with culturally diverse families of children with ID are discussed.

Developmental trajectories of behaviour problems and prosocial behaviours of children with intellectual disabilities in a population‐based cohort

“…Although the present study did examine risk factors potentially associated with heterogeneity in child developmental trajectories, such as deprivation, and autism, future researchers may wish to examine clusters of trajectories in children with ID (and their mothers), and the extent to which maternal mental health may account for such heterogeneity. Other proximal environmental variables may also be important to examine, for example parenting (Rodas, Chavira, & Baker, ).…”

The Unforeseen Influence of Parents’ Socialization Behaviors on the Social Adjustment of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

“…Rodas et al (2016) found that mothers of children with IDs demonstrated a higher level of unsupportive reactions than fathers, during an observational measure. However, with a self-reported measure, fathers mentioned more unsupportive reactions than mothers (Rodas et al, 2016), and mothers reported more supportive reactions than fathers (Rodas et al, 2017). These studies of Rodas et al (2016Rodas et al ( , 2017 reveal the importance of taking both mothers and fathers into account in ERSB-related research, as observations indicate that mothers and fathers may use diverse ERSBs strategies with potentially differentiated impacts in particular on children's social development and adjustment.…”

“…More precisely, McIntyre (2008) has shown through an observational measure that these parents demonstrate more negative interactions with their children during unstructured activities, whereas Rodas, Chavira and Baker (2017) did not observe any negative parenting during a naturalistic home observation. Yet, in the same study, Rodas, Chavira and Baker (2017), assessed also parenting with a self-report measure, the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale (Fabes, Eisenberg, & Bernzweig, 1990). Through this questionnaire, parents reported more unsupportive reactions to their children's negative emotions than parents of TD children.…”

“…They also differ according to individual characteristics of children, such as chronological age (Denham, Bouril, & Belouad, 1994;Eisenberg et al, 1999;Fabes et al, 1994;Lagattuta & Wellman, 2002), developmental age (Eisenberg et al, 1998;Mazzone & Nader-Grosbois, 2017b), gender (Casey & Fuller, 1994;Eisenberg et al, 1998), personality (Mazzone & Nader-Grosbois, 2017b), and the presence of a developmental disorder (Mazzone & Nader-Grosbois, 2017a;Rodas, Zeedyk, & Baker, 2016). Surprisingly, only a few studies have investigated socialization behaviors in parents of children with developmental disabilities, including autistic spectrum disorder (Bougher-Muckian, Root, Coogle, & Floyd, 2016;Mazzone & Nader-Grosbois, 2017b) or intellectual disabilities (Phillips, Conners, & Curtner-Smith, E. Jacobs et al DOI: 10.4236/psych.2019.109083 1277 Psychology 2017; Rodas, Chavira, & Baker, 2017;Rodas et al, 2016). However, given the impairments in adaptive functioning in children with IDs, parental ERSBs need to be investigated in this population.…”

The Unexpected Impact of Parental Emotional Socialization on Theory of Mind and Emotion Regulation: The Case of Children with Intellectual Disabilities

“…Recent studies have shown that parents of children with IDs report more unsupportive reactions than parents of typically developing children (Jacobs, Mazzone, Simon, & Nader-Grosbois, 2019;Rodas, Chavira, & Baker, 2017;Rodas, Zeedyk, & Baker, 2016). These results were obtained by means of self-reported measures.…”