Emotion-Related Constructs Engaged by Mindfulness-Based Interventions: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Hoge, Elizabeth A.; Acabchuk, Rebecca L.; Kimmel, Hannah J.; Moitra, Ethan; Britton, Willoughby B.; Dumais, Travis; Ferrer, Rebecca A.; Lazar, Sara W.; Vago, David R.; Lipsky, Jonah; Schuman‐Olivier, Zev; Cheaito, Aya; Sager, Lauren; Peters, Sarah; Rahrig, Hadley; Acero, Pamela; Scharf, Jodi; Loucks, Eric B.; Fulwiler, Carl E.

doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01561-w

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Some of these constructs (especially concerning aspects of emotion regulation) appear unspecific for mindfulness interventions, but highly relevant for mental health in general (i.e., concerning the development and maintenance of psychopathology; Aldao et al, 2010; Berking & Wupperman, 2012). Accordingly, a recent meta-analysis provided evidence for similar increases of emotion-related constructs in MBSR/MBCT and in nonmindfulness treatments (Hoge et al, 2021). Also, mindfulness increases in nonmindfulness treatments (e.g., Goldberg et al, 2019; Xia et al, 2019) and there is a lack of association between the actual amount of mindfulness practice during treatment and posttreatment mindfulness scores (Manuel et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mindfulness and Mindfulness Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported mindfulness accounts for the effects of mindfulness interventions and nonmindfulness controls on self-reported mental health: A preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis of 146 randomized controlled trials.

Tran¹,

Birnbaum²,

Burzler³

et al. 2022

Psychological Bulletin

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Meta-analyses suggest that mindfulness interventions have positive effects on mental health. Yet, how mindfulness interventions exert their effects is still largely unknown. Self-reported mindfulness may partially mediate the association between mindfulness interventions and change in self-reported mental health. We present the results of a novel application of three-level meta-analysis on the pre-post intervention data of 146 RCTs of mindfulness interventions (total N = 10,979), probing the efficacy of a broad range of mindfulness interventions and meditation training against active, treatment-as-usual (TAU), and wait-list control groups. We found that self-reported mindfulness not only increased in mindfulness interventions (d = 0.54, 95% CI [0.47, 0.61]), but also in active (nonmindfulness) controls (d = 0.27 [0.18, 0.36]) and wait-list controls (d = 0.10 [0.04, 0.17]; but not TAU controls: d = 0.04 [−0.03, 0.12]). In addition, change in mindfulness accounted for change in self-reported mental health (mindfulness interventions: d = 0.65 [0.57, 0.73]; active controls: d = 0.49 [0.36, 0.62]; TAU controls: d = 0.20 [0.12, 0.29]; wait-list controls: d = 0.22 [0.14, 0.30]) in all treatment and control groups alike. Thus, self-reported mindfulness apparently is no unique mediator of mindfulness interventions. It may either be more universal, merely a correlate of self-reported mental health, or both. Research should focus on the common denominator of mindfulness interventions and clinically relevant constructs with which self-reported mindfulness shares some of its characteristics. Limitations pertain to the indirect evidence of the three-level meta-analytic approach, the self-report nature of the data, and small-study effects, which suggest the presence of publication bias. The risk of bias may have led to the overestimation of effects and results could further be subjected to effects of shared method variance. Public Significance StatementThis meta-analysis suggests that increases in self-reported mindfulness may explain the treatment efficacy of various mindfulness-based interventions, but also of nonmindfulness-based controls. Selfreported mindfulness thus may be no unique mediator of the effects of mindfulness interventions. The current evidence leaves open whether self-reported mindfulness might be a universal mediator of treatment effects, merely reflects changes of self-reported mental health in general, or both.

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Section: Mindfulness and Mindfulness Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported mindfulness accounts for the effects of mindfulness interventions and nonmindfulness controls on self-reported mental health: A preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis of 146 randomized controlled trials.

Tran¹,

Birnbaum²,

Burzler³

et al. 2022

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Vago and Silbersweig put forth the Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, and Self-Transcendence (S-ART) theoretical model to represent the three main mechanisms by which contemplative practices can enhance resilience [ 13 ]. Extensive evidence derived from decades of behavioral and neuroscientific findings on contemplative practices has established that they strengthen self-awareness and mindfulness, as well as self-regulation and distress tolerance [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Additional research indicates that mindfulness may engage emotion-regulation processes that improve healthy lifestyle behaviors [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Contemplative Practices: A Mixed Methods Approach Exploring Associations between Resilience and Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Older Adults

Achepohl

Heaney

Rosas

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to explore the association between resilience and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods study design to recruit older adults who spoke English and were 60 and above during the pandemic. Survey data investigated older adults’ resilience, post-traumatic growth, well-being, and demographics. Extreme case purposeful sampling of their resilience score was used to select interviewees. Qualitative data sought to understand the relationship between resilience and how older adults responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring the relationship between resilience (well-being in the face of challenge) and one’s experience of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that participants categorized as having high resilience had long held behaviors of contemplative practices that helped them effectively adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. As we continue to face global challenges, we must redefine care, guide interventions, and promote healthy aging by incorporating contemplative practices into the lives of older adults.

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“…Observing refers to attending or noticing internal and external experiences (e.g., sounds, emotions, thoughts, bodily sensations, smells). Furthermore, Nonreactivity to Inner Experience has been identified as a significant component of the mechanism by which contemplative practices are beneficial [ 3 , 32 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Thus, we measured behaviors of embodied observing and behaviors of non-reactivity to inner awareness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the strengthening of awareness and discernment by contemplative practice facilitates the expansion of healthy engagement with greater complexity in one’s individual life and the lives of others. Positive associations between well-being and a single contemplative practice (e.g., mindfulness or compassion) are well documented [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], but the association with combined multiple contemplative practice behavior (CPB) is less understood. In this study, we hypothesize that more frequent CPB, including, but not limited to, mindfulness meditation, may be associated with greater well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemplative Practices Behavior Is Positively Associated with Well-Being in Three Global Multi-Regional Stanford WELL for Life Cohorts

Rich

Chrisinger

Kaimal

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Positive associations between well-being and a single contemplative practice (e.g., mindfulness meditation) are well documented, yet prior work may have underestimated the strength of the association by omitting consideration of multiple and/or alternative contemplative practices. Moreover, little is known about how contemplative practice behavior (CPB) impacts different dimensions of well-being. This study investigates the relationship of CPB, consisting of four discrete practices (embodied somatic-observing, non-reactive mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others), with multiple dimensions of well-being. As with other canonical lifestyle behaviors, multiple contemplative practices can be integrated into one’s daily routine. Thus, it is critical to holistically consider these behaviors, extending them beyond a simple uni-dimensional measure (e.g., daily mindfulness meditation practice). We developed an integrative measure of four types of contemplative practice and found it to be significantly associated with a multi-dimensional measure of well-being. Importantly, our findings were from three large global multi-regional cohorts and compared against better-understood lifestyle behaviors (physical activity). Data were drawn from California/San Francisco Bay Area, (n = 6,442), Hangzhou City (n = 10,268), and New Taipei City (n = 3,033). In all three cohorts, we found statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive associations between CPB and well-being, both overall and with all of the constituent domains of well-being, comparable to or stronger than the relationship with physical activity across most well-being outcomes. These findings provide robust and cross-cultural evidence for a positive association between CPB and well-being, illuminate dimensions of well-being that could be most influenced by CPB, and suggest CPB may be useful to include as part of fundamental lifestyle recommendations for health and well-being.

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Emotion-Related Constructs Engaged by Mindfulness-Based Interventions: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 141 publications

Self-reported mindfulness accounts for the effects of mindfulness interventions and nonmindfulness controls on self-reported mental health: A preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis of 146 randomized controlled trials.

Self-reported mindfulness accounts for the effects of mindfulness interventions and nonmindfulness controls on self-reported mental health: A preregistered systematic review and three-level meta-analysis of 146 randomized controlled trials.

The Value of Contemplative Practices: A Mixed Methods Approach Exploring Associations between Resilience and Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Older Adults

Contemplative Practices Behavior Is Positively Associated with Well-Being in Three Global Multi-Regional Stanford WELL for Life Cohorts

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