Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between ACES and physical and mental health.

Cloitre, Marylène; Khan, Christina Tara; Mackintosh, Margaret‐Anne; Garvert, Donn W.; Henn‐Haase, Clare; Falvey, Erin C.; Saito, Jean Akiko

doi:10.1037/tra0000374

Cited by 126 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Our findings concerning broad cumulative trauma exposure and emotion regulation are consistent with what has been reported in prior studies of child abuse and emotion regulation (e.g., Kim & Cicchetti, ). In addition, the current study adds support to a growing body of evidence that emotion regulation has an indirect effect on the well‐established relation between traumatic exposures, such as childhood abuse, and PTSD symptom severity (Burns et al., ; Lilly et al., ; Stevens et al., ) and extends the more limited research on emotion regulation as a mediator of cumulative trauma and adversity and PTSD (Cloitre et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Further, experiencing more types of childhood maltreatment was associated with worse emotion regulation. Cloitre and colleagues () reported a similar significant positive association between the number of adverse childhood events and emotion regulation difficulties in adult women.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Given these rates of trauma exposure and PTSD in incarcerated women, it is critical to identify potential mechanisms by which trauma exposure contributes to PTSD in this population. Recent work has highlighted emotion regulation as a potential intervention target in the treatment of PTSD (Cloitre et al., ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gratz and Roemer argued that deficits in any of these skills result in difficulties with emotion regulation. Such difficulties are associated with early‐onset interpersonal traumas (Cloitre et al., ; Kim & Cicchetti, ). In a longitudinal study, Kim and Cicchetti () found that children who experienced child abuse subsequently demonstrated significantly lower emotion regulation abilities than nonmaltreated children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Cloitre et al. () found that emotion regulation mediated exposure to adverse childhood events and PTSD in adult women. Thus, there is growing evidence that poorer emotion regulation is associated with cumulative exposures, as well as evidence of emotion regulation as a mediator between trauma and PTSD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women

Konecky

Lynch

2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Incarcerated women report high rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion regulation has been identified as a potential mechanism that contributes to the association between trauma exposure and PTSD severity. The present study examined associations among cumulative trauma exposure, emotion regulation difficulties, and current (30-day) PTSD in 152 randomly selected women in prison. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), results indicated cumulative trauma was significantly associated with emotion regulation difficulties, β = .31, SE = .13, p = .005; and PTSD symptom severity, β = .41, SE = .14, p = .005. We identified a significant indirect effect, 0.11, z = 2.37, p = .018, of emotion regulation on the association between cumulative trauma exposure and severity of current PTSD symptoms. These findings are consistent with previous longitudinal research suggesting that emotion regulation is significantly affected by trauma exposure, and they support previously identified associations between emotion regulation difficulties and severity of PTSD. Further, these findings have the potential to inform current efforts to identify and implement effective PTSD-focused interventions with incarcerated women. In particular, it appears that emotion regulation skills may be an important component of effective PTSD focused interventions for this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women

Konecky

Lynch

2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Longitudinal Trends in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fischer

Nichter

et al. 2023

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceConcerns have been raised since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic that vulnerable populations, such as military veterans, may be at increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs).ObjectiveTo examine longitudinal trends in STBs in US military veterans during the first 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study is a population-based longitudinal study including US military veterans that used 3 surveys from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Median dates of data collection were November 21, 2019 (prepandemic); November 14, 2020; and August 18, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLifetime and past-year suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt.ResultsIn this longitudinal study including 2441 veterans (mean [SD] age, 63.2 years [14.0]; 2182 [92.1%] male), past-year suicidal ideation decreased from 9.3% prepandemic (95% CI, 8.2%-10.6%) to 6.8% a year later (95% CI%, 5.8-7.9%) and then slightly increased to 7.7% (95% CI, 6.7%-8.9%) 2 years later. In total, 9 veterans (0.4%) reported attempting suicide at least once during the follow-up period, while 100 (3.8%) developed new-onset suicidal ideation and 28 (1.2%) developed new-onset suicide planning. After adjusting for sociodemographic and military characteristics, factors strongly associated with new-onset suicidal ideation included higher education (odds ratio [OR], 3.27; 95% CI, 1.95-5.46), lifetime substance use disorder (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.23-3.46), prepandemic loneliness (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.49), and lower prepandemic purpose in life (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97). Factors associated with new-onset suicide planning included lifetime substance use disorder (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.22-7.55), higher prepandemic psychiatric distress (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.18), and lower prepandemic purpose in life (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95).Conclusions and RelevanceContrary to expectations, the prevalence of STBs did not increase for most US veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, veterans with preexisting loneliness, psychiatric distress, and lower purpose in life were at heightened risk of developing new-onset suicidal ideation and suicide planning during the pandemic. Evidence-based prevention and intervention efforts that target these factors may help mitigate suicide risk in this population.

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Childhood bullying victimization, emotion regulation, rumination, distress tolerance, and depressive symptoms: A cross‐national examination among young adults in seven countries

Labella,

Klein,

Yeboah

et al. 2023

Aggressive Behavior

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Existing research suggests a robust association between childhood bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in adulthood, but less is known about potential mediators of this link. Furthermore, there is limited cross‐national research evaluating similarities and differences in bullying victimization and its associations with mental health. The current study addressed gaps in the literature by evaluating cognitive and affective responses to stress (i.e., emotion regulation, rumination, and distress tolerance) as potential mediators of the link between recalled bullying victimization and current depressive symptoms among 5909 (70.6% female) college students from seven countries. Results revealed specific indirect associations of bullying victimization through distress tolerance and three out of four facets of rumination, as well as a persistent direct association of childhood bullying on adulthood depression. Emotion regulation strategies were not significantly associated with bullying victimization and did not mediate its association with depressive symptoms. Constrained multigroup models indicated that results were invariant across country and gender. Findings provide evidence of statistical mediation in a cross‐sectional sample and await replication in prospective studies. Rumination and distress tolerance may be promising targets for resilience‐promoting interventions among children experiencing peer victimization. Ongoing research is needed to clarify cross‐national patterns in childhood bullying, identify additional mediators accounting for the remaining direct association, and evaluate emotion regulation as a potential moderator of associations between bullying victimization and adult mental health.

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Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between ACES and physical and mental health.

Cited by 126 publications

References 52 publications

Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women

Cumulative Trauma Exposure, Emotion Regulation, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Incarcerated Women

Longitudinal Trends in Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Childhood bullying victimization, emotion regulation, rumination, distress tolerance, and depressive symptoms: A cross‐national examination among young adults in seven countries

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