Emotion regulation in depression: Examining the role of cognitive processes

Joormann, Jutta; D’Avanzato, Catherine

doi:10.1080/02699931003784939

Cited by 210 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Theoretical models of emotion regulation hypothesize that attentional mechanisms are causally related to emotion regulation strategies, including reappraisal and its impact on negative emotions Joormann & D'Avanzato, 2010;Sheppes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Sánchez¹,

Everaert²,

Koster³

2016

Emotion

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Reappraisal is central to emotion regulation but its mechanisms are unclear. This study tested the theoretical prediction that emotional attention bias is linked to reappraisal of negative emotioneliciting stimuli and subsequent emotional responding using a novel attentional control training.Thirty-six undergraduates were randomly assigned to either the control or the attention training condition and were provided with different task instructions while they performed an interpretation task. Whereas control participants freely created interpretations, participants in the training condition were instructed to allocate attention toward positive words to efficiently create positive interpretations (i.e., recruiting attentional control) while they were provided with gazecontingent feedback on their viewing behavior. Transfer to attention bias and reappraisal success was evaluated using a dot-probe task and an emotion regulation task which were administered before and after the training. The training condition was effective at increasing attentional control and resulted in beneficial effects on the transfer tasks. Analyses supported a serial indirect effect with larger attentional control acquisition in the training condition leading to negative attention bias reduction, in turn predicting greater reappraisal success which reduced negative emotions. Our results indicate that attentional mechanisms influence the use of reappraisal strategies and its impact on negative emotions. The novel attention training highlights the importance of tailored feedback to train attentional control. The findings provide an important step toward personalized delivery of attention training.ATTENTION TRAINING AND REAPPRAISAL 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Sánchez¹,

Everaert²,

Koster³

2016

Emotion

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show abstract

“…However, it remains unclear whether cognitive biases, and in particular their interplay, have direct effects on depressive symptoms or whether this relationship is mediated by other cognitive processes such as maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., rumination). In line with the latter view, it has been argued, for example, that cognitive control deficits underlie the reduced ability to use strategies (e.g., use positive autobiographical memories, reappraisal) to regulate sad mood in depression (e.g., De Raedt & Joormann & D'Avanzato, 2010). There is emerging research testing this hypothesis.…”

Section: Predicting Depressionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Everaert

Koster

Derakshan

2012

Clinical Psychology Review

270

179

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Drawing from substantial evidence demonstrating cognitive biases in depression at various stages of information processing (i.e., attention, interpretation, memory, cognitive control), we argue for an approach that considers the interplay among these processes. This paper attempts to apply the combined cognitive bias hypothesis (Hirsch, Mathews, & Clark, 2006) to depression research and reviews competing theoretical frameworks that have guided research in this area. We draw on current findings from behavioral studies on the interplay between depression-related processing biases. These data indicate that various cognitive biases are associated. However, it is not clear whether single or multiple biases are most predictive of depressive symptoms. We conclude this article with theoretical and clinical implications of the current state of research in this field and propose a number of ways in which research on the combined cognitive bias hypothesis can be advanced. A State-of-the-art Major depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with debilitating symptomatic suffering, functional impairments, and high societal costs (Kessler & Wang, 2009). Notwithstanding a range of well-established psychological and pharmacological interventions, relapse and recurrence rates of depression remain high (Vittengl, Clark, Dunn, & Jarrett, 2007) indicating that current therapies do not sufficiently address vulnerability factors for this burdensome disorder. Moreover, with each successive depressive episode the risk for recurrence increases (Boland & Keller, 2009), which points to an expanding vulnerability with multiple episodes. Hence, profound insight into the mechanisms involved in the etiology and maintenance of major depression seems essential in improving contemporary treatment options and the prevention of depression.In the past three decades, research inspired by cognitive accounts of depression has been successful in identifying vulnerability factors for this disorder. Apart from substantial research examining depressive cognitive content as a vulnerability factor (e.g., negative thoughts), a promising line of research highlights the role of cognitive biases in the development, maintenance, and relapse/recurrence of depression (for reviews see Mathews & MacLeod, 2005). Research efforts in this particular area of interest have typically focused on abnormalities in attention, interpretation, and memory processes, which are considered to be instrumental in the understanding of the processes involved in these cognitive biases. More recently, there is growing interest into cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control impairments, which may operate across a variety of cognitive biases. Indeed a substantial number of studies on emotional information processing in depressed samples provide evidence that depression is characterized by attention, interpretation, and memory biases, especially for negative information (see below). COMBINED COGNITIVE BIAS HYPOTHESIS IN DEPRESSION 4This resea...

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“…Cognitive control impairments are considered an important vulnerability factor for depression (for a review, see Joormann & D'Avanzato, 2010). Several researchers have already associated depression with deficits in cognitive control (Hertel, 1997;Gotlib & Joormann, 2010).…”

Section: Rumination Mediates the Relationship Between Impaired Cognitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have already associated depression with deficits in cognitive control (Hertel, 1997;Gotlib & Joormann, 2010). Moreover, it has been stated that these deficits are not only present during depression, but that impairments in cognitive control after remission would be predictive of future depression (Joormann & D'Avanzato, 2010). The idea is that because of cognitive control problems, vulnerable people can't disengage from negative thoughts, causing depressive rumination, which in turn enhances depressive symptoms (De Raedt & Koster, 2010).…”

Section: Rumination Mediates the Relationship Between Impaired Cognitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumination mediates the relationship between impaired cognitive control for emotional information and depressive symptoms: A prospective study in remitted depressed adults

Demeyer

Lissnyder

Koster

et al. 2012

Behaviour Research and Therapy

156

112

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Emotion regulation in depression: Examining the role of cognitive processes

Cited by 210 publications

References 146 publications

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

Attention training through gaze-contingent feedback: Effects on reappraisal and negative emotions.

The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in depression

Rumination mediates the relationship between impaired cognitive control for emotional information and depressive symptoms: A prospective study in remitted depressed adults

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