Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Trauma Survivors: The Role of Trauma Type and PTSD Symptom Severity

Ehring, Thomas; Quack, Dorothea

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2010.04.004

Cited by 516 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

341

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, our study revealed a gender difference in PTSD and depressive symptoms. Other investigations also found that gender, age and trauma type affected PTSD and depressive symptoms (Ditlevsen & Elklit, 2012; Ehring & Quack, 2010). Future studies should use larger samples and distinguish between females and males and between different age groups of children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Cheng

Liang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Many studies have reported the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in children. However, the underlying relationship between PTSD and depression remains unclear.Objective: This study examines the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms in children who survived the Wenchuan earthquake in China.Methods: In total, 301 children were assessed at four months and then followed up at 29, 40 and 52 months after the disaster. The ages of the children ranged from 9.6–14.6 years old, and the sample included 157 males and 144 females. The children were assessed by using the University of California at Los Angeles PTSD reaction index for DSM-IV for PTSD symptoms and the Children’s Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms.Results: Comorbid PTSD and depressive symptoms were prevalent in 4.0, 3.3, 3.7 and 5.1% of the participants at times 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The cross-lagged analysis indicated that PTSD symptoms at time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 1 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 2 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 3; and depressive symptoms at time 3 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 4. The findings also showed that being female, poor parental relationships and trauma exposure were risk factors for PTSD or depressive symptoms.Conclusions: The results suggest that the causal relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms changes over time; the effects of PTSD symptoms tend to decrease, while those of depressive symptoms tend to increase. Two stages of the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms were observed, namely, that PTSD and depressive symptoms first influenced each other and then that depressive symptoms predicted PTSD. The results of our study also suggest that females with poor parental relationships and a high degree of trauma exposure are more likely to require intervention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Cheng

Liang

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been found to be related to suppression of emotions (Boden et al, 2013), emotional dysregulation (Ehring & Quack, 2010;Kashdan, Breen, & Julian, 2010;Price, Monson, Callahan, & Rodriguez, 2006), and avoidance of uncomfortable internal experiences (Bensimon et al, 2013;Kashdan et al, 2010). For example, Tull, Barrett, McMillan, and Roemer (2007) found an association between PTSD symptom severity and lack of emotional acceptance, difficulties in impulse-control, ineffective emotional regulation and lack of emotional clarity in trauma exposed individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Difficulties with emotion regulation are reflected in symptoms of PTSD that are included in DSM-IV diagnosis. These symptoms encompass heightened reactivity to cues that resemble the traumatic event, emotional numbing, loss of interest, fear and avoidance behaviour, as well as constant alertness and irritability (Ehring & Quack, 2010). They can be classified into four clusters: (1) re-experiencing, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive investment in handling heightened emotional reactions would leave fewer resources available for other meaningful endeavours and limit well-being (Kashdan et al, 2010). Most of the studies that investigated the association between war-related PTSD and emotions used measures of general emotional competence and regulation difficulties (Boden et al, 2013;Ehring & Quack, 2010;Shepherd & Wild, 2014) as well as the total score of PTSD symptoms (Boscarino, 2006;Hoge et al, 2004;Peterson et al, 2011). We decided to measure specific domains of emotional competence, as well as the four-factor model of PTSD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emotional Competence and Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms in Croatian Homeland War Veterans

Knežević¹,

Krupić

Šućurović³

2017

Drustvena istrazivanja

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the relationship between four factors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms -re-experiencing, avoidance, dysphoria and hyperarousal -and particular domains of emotional competence and emotional regulation and control among 215 Croatian Homeland War veterans. Cross-sectionally, emotional competence subscales -perceiving and understanding emotions, expressing and labelling emotions, managing and regulating emotions -were associated with dysphoria symptom cluster only, while emotional regulation and control subscalesinfluence of emotion and mood on memory and emotional reaction control -were associated with dysphoria and re-experiencing symptom clusters. The results of this study are consistent with the view that successful recovery from trauma requires adaptive emotion competence skills and that therefore difficulties in dealing with emotions (understanding, expressing or regulating) are a risk factor for the development and/or maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. It appears that interventions organized toward improving emotional competence and regulation may be useful as complementary or independent treatments for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

show abstract

“…Each theory has been established to relate to both PTSD and SUD individually. Research has connected emotion dysregulation with both PTSD (Tull et al, 2007) and SUD (Kassel, 2010), such that adult emotion dysregulation is both correlated with PTSD (Ehring & Quack, 2010;Weiss, Tull, Lavender, & Gratz, 2013), and childhood emotion regulation predicts future substance abuse (Moffitt et al, 2011). Furthermore, rRST has demonstrated that PTSD severity directly relates to the behavioural inhibition system (BIS; Casada & Roache, 2005), and behavioural avoidance system (BAS; Pickett, Bardeen, & Orcutt, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder in a therapeutic community for substance use disorders: an evaluation of the influence

Perryman¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this body of research is twofold. First, to investigate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of adults undergoing substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in a therapeutic community (TC) and, second, to apply major psychological theories to help understand the nature of this comorbidity in ways that inform treatment. The focal theories of this research are: emotion dysregulation (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST; Corr, 2008;Gray & McNaughton, 2000). Rash Impulsiveness will be included as an important dimension of rRST that has been consistently linked to substance misuse. Chapter 1 presents an overview of research related to the thesis as a whole. In Chapter .72, p < .00). Furthermore, the correlations between PTSS and two of the facets of rRST, BAS and fight-flight-freeze sensitivity (FFFS), were significantly correlated (r = -.23 and .49, p < .01, respectively). BAS sensitivity was shown to negatively correlate with PTSS, indicating that lower BAS sensitivity related to higher PTS severity. No relationship was found between the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and PTSS. Finally, Rash Impulsivity significantly correlated with PTSS at intake, r = .50, p < .00. Contrary to hypotheses, and previous research, Rash Impulsivity did not significantly correlate with retention. Theoretical mechanisms linking PTSS and substance misuse were investigated further, with tests of theoretical models in which individual difference factors (facets of the rRST) were related to retention and outcomes from treatment, and facets of emotional dysregulation were tested as mediators of this relationship. Upon investigation through linear regression, no suitable variable was found the mediate the relationship between PTSS and retention.iii The final moderated mediated model, therefore, was not suitable for this population. Limited moderation, though, occurred between the two facets of rRST and retention. Specifically, investigation of the simple slopes showed that FFFS and Rash Impulsivity both moderate the relationship between PTSD and retention at high (+1 SD) and mean scores. These findings indicate that high levels of both facets do interact with PTSD to negatively influence treatment retention.The null findings for both mediation and the moderated mediation model contradict previous research, and may be due to homogeneity in scores across the population. Overall, some implications for treatment can be extrapolated. First, PTSD is highly prevalent in the TC population, and should be assessed using psychometrically valid measures, such as the PCL-C, and addressed in treatment. Second, treatment for SUD does not exacerbate PTSD; on the contrary, PTSS significantly decreased during TC treatment. Finally, as there is solid theoretical support to suggest an influence of emotion dysregulation and Rash Impulsiveness on retention and outcomes, more research needs to be conducted on the role of these two constructs with the intent of creating a better suited rehabi...

show abstract

Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Trauma Survivors: The Role of Trauma Type and PTSD Symptom Severity

Cited by 516 publications

References 49 publications

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake

Emotional Competence and Combat-Related PTSD Symptoms in Croatian Homeland War Veterans

Posttraumatic stress disorder in a therapeutic community for substance use disorders: an evaluation of the influence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About