Emotion Regulation

Abstract

Definition: Emotion regulation refers to the conscious or unconscious processes of monitoring, evaluating, modulating, and managing emotional experiences and expression of emotion in terms of intensity, form, and duration of feelings, emotionrelated physiological states and behaviors.2 Moreover, the current state of knowledge on the relevance of emotion regulation for human development and functioning is addressed, as well as the development of emotion regulation from infancy into adulthood. Defining emotion regulation Theories of emotion regulationSince the early 1990s, empirical interest in emotion regulation increased and different theories on emotion regulation processes emerged, of which the process model of emotion regulation has been most influential (Gross, 2015). In this model, emotion regulation refers to all the processes that are involved in changing the duration and intensity of feelings, and emotion-related physiological states and behaviors. These processes can be conscious and controlled, but also unconscious and automatic. The process model is closely connected to the modal model of emotions, which describes an emotional experience as the result of the nature of a situation, the attention that is paid to this situation, the appraisal of the meaning of this situation, and the emotional response tendency that determines the behavioral, physiological, and experiential component of the emotion.The process model builds on the modal model of emotions, by describing how emotion regulation processes can change the experience of emotion at every stage in this process; either by regulation processes activated before the emotion is triggered, referred to as antecedent-focused regulation, or by processes that change the emotional response after the emotion is already generated, summarized as response-focused regulation (John & Gross, 2004). Examples of antecedent-focused regulation are selecting or adjusting the emotion-eliciting situation -by avoiding a confrontation with a colleague -or adjusting one's focus of attention -by

Advancing Educational Research on Children’s Self-Regulation With Observational Measures

“…Semi-structured or structured observations such as PRSIST or the PSRA assessor report address this challenge to an extent. A consistent challenge, however, is that emotion regulation can be difficult to observe and assess because if one regulates their emotion or does not become frustrated easily, this is not displayed, making it difficult to understand how children recover and regulate (Howard et al, 2020; Kok, 2017). These challenges are also not unique to observational measures, as adult ratings of behavior must also rely on observations of self-regulatory behaviors (Duckworth & Yeager, 2015).…”