Emotion processing in schizophrenia is state and trait dependent

Maat, A. Ter; Montfort, Simone J.T. van; Nijs, Jessica de; Derks, Eske M.; Kahn, René S.; Linszen, Don; Os, Jim van; Wiersma, Durk; Bruggeman, Richard; Cahn, Wiepke; Haan, Lieuwe de; Krabbendam, Lydia; Myin-Germeys, Inez

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.027

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As the PANSS- and the BDI-Score reflect severity of current psychopathological symptoms and can be interpreted as an individual state measure, the results of the correlation analysis suggest that the observed deficits may be state-dependent. This complies with the results of recently published studies [ 41 , 42 ] which evaluated changes in emotion recognition over time and reported partially state dependent effects and partially trait dependent effects. It should be noted, however, that correlations between emotion recognition impairments and measures of positive or negative psychotic symptoms have been heterogeneous in the literature, ranging from no significant relationship (meta-analytic review of Kohler, Walker et al [ 7 ]) to a correlation with the negative symptoms subscale of the PANSS (review of Chan, Li et al [ 8 ]) as well as other correlations [ 14 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of cue modality and emotional category on recognition of nonverbal emotional signals in schizophrenia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundImpaired interpretation of nonverbal emotional cues in patients with schizophrenia has been reported in several studies and a clinical relevance of these deficits for social functioning has been assumed. However, it is unclear to what extent the impairments depend on specific emotions or specific channels of nonverbal communication.MethodsHere, the effect of cue modality and emotional categories on accuracy of emotion recognition was evaluated in 21 patients with schizophrenia and compared to a healthy control group (n = 21). To this end, dynamic stimuli comprising speakers of both genders in three different sensory modalities (auditory, visual and audiovisual) and five emotional categories (happy, alluring, neutral, angry and disgusted) were used.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia were found to be impaired in emotion recognition in comparison to the control group across all stimuli. Considering specific emotions more severe deficits were revealed in the recognition of alluring stimuli and less severe deficits in the recognition of disgusted stimuli as compared to all other emotions.Regarding cue modality the extent of the impairment in emotional recognition did not significantly differ between auditory and visual cues across all emotional categories. However, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly more severe disturbances for vocal as compared to facial cues when sexual interest is expressed (alluring stimuli), whereas more severe disturbances for facial as compared to vocal cues were observed when happiness or anger is expressed.ConclusionOur results confirmed that perceptual impairments can be observed for vocal as well as facial cues conveying various social and emotional connotations. The observed differences in severity of impairments with most severe deficits for alluring expressions might be related to specific difficulties in recognizing the complex social emotional information of interpersonal intentions as compared to “basic” emotional states.Therefore, future studies evaluating perception of nonverbal cues should consider a broader range of social and emotional signals beyond basic emotions including attitudes and interpersonal intentions. Identifying specific domains of social perception particularly prone for misunderstandings in patients with schizophrenia might allow for a refinement of interventions aiming at improving social functioning.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0913-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of cue modality and emotional category on recognition of nonverbal emotional signals in schizophrenia

et al. 2016

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“…Over the decades since the 1970s, social and psychological research has established the universality of the six main facial expressions of emotion (Ekman and Friesen, 1971). Very young infants can discriminate some, but not all, facial expressions of emotion (Serrano et al, 1992; Peltola et al, 2008) and facial emotion recognition ability is impaired in numerous psychological disorders (Fairchild et al, 2009; Eussen et al, 2015; Evers et al, 2015; Maat et al, 2015; Mancuso et al, 2015; Taylor et al, 2015). However, our knowledge of the development of this ability throughout childhood and, in particular, adolescence is surprisingly sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, gender, and puberty influence the development of facial emotion recognition

Lawrence

Campbell

Skuse³

2015

Front. Psychol.

262

157

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Our ability to differentiate between simple facial expressions of emotion develops between infancy and early adulthood, yet few studies have explored the developmental trajectory of emotion recognition using a single methodology across a wide age-range. We investigated the development of emotion recognition abilities through childhood and adolescence, testing the hypothesis that children’s ability to recognize simple emotions is modulated by chronological age, pubertal stage and gender. In order to establish norms, we assessed 478 children aged 6–16 years, using the Ekman-Friesen Pictures of Facial Affect. We then modeled these cross-sectional data in terms of competence in accurate recognition of the six emotions studied, when the positive correlation between emotion recognition and IQ was controlled. Significant linear trends were seen in children’s ability to recognize facial expressions of happiness, surprise, fear, and disgust; there was improvement with increasing age. In contrast, for sad and angry expressions there is little or no change in accuracy over the age range 6–16 years; near-adult levels of competence are established by middle-childhood. In a sampled subset, pubertal status influenced the ability to recognize facial expressions of disgust and anger; there was an increase in competence from mid to late puberty, which occurred independently of age. A small female advantage was found in the recognition of some facial expressions. The normative data provided in this study will aid clinicians and researchers in assessing the emotion recognition abilities of children and will facilitate the identification of abnormalities in a skill that is often impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders. If emotion recognition abilities are a good model with which to understand adolescent development, then these results could have implications for the education, mental health provision and legal treatment of teenagers.

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“…State-dependent memory has also been implicated in the persistence of drug addiction (Combe 1853), because addicts often encode information in drug-induced states that they can only recall it if they are back on drugs. Further mechanistic study of state-dependent learning will be broadly translatable to the development of treatments for psychopathologies that could be rooted in state-dependent learning, such as dissociative disorders (Maat et al 2015) and addiction (Overton 1972;Ross and Schwartz 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological correlates of state-dependent context fear

et al. 2017

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Retrieval of fear memories can be state-dependent, meaning that they are best retrieved if the brain states at encoding and retrieval are similar. Such states can be induced by activating extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAR) with the broad α-subunit activator gaboxadol. However, the circuit mechanisms and specific subunits underlying gaboxadol's effects are not well understood. Here we show that gaboxadol induces profound changes of local and network oscillatory activity, indicative of discoordinated hippocampal-cortical activity, that were accompanied by robust and long-lasting state-dependent conditioned fear. Episodic memories typically are hippocampus-dependent for a limited period after learning, but become cortex-dependent with the passage of time. In contrast, state-dependent memories continued to rely on hippocampal GABAergic mechanisms for memory retrieval. Pharmacological approaches with α-subunit-specific agonists targeting the hippocampus implicated the prototypic extrasynaptic subunits (α) as the mediator of state-dependent conditioned fear. Together, our findings suggest that continued dependence on hippocampal rather than cortical mechanisms could be an important feature of state-dependent memories that contributes to their conditional retrieval.

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Emotion processing in schizophrenia is state and trait dependent

Cited by 30 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of cue modality and emotional category on recognition of nonverbal emotional signals in schizophrenia

Effects of cue modality and emotional category on recognition of nonverbal emotional signals in schizophrenia

Age, gender, and puberty influence the development of facial emotion recognition

Neurobiological correlates of state-dependent context fear

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