Emotion Expression in HRI – When and Why

Fischer, Kerstin; Jung, Malte; Jensen, Lars Christian; Wieschen, Maria Vanessa aus der

doi:10.1109/hri.2019.8673078

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It has been discussed that there is no consensus in the literature on the definition of emotion [22], and this article also does not argue it. However, we need to mention that the human perception that is studied in this article can be affected by cultural and contextual factors [3,10,18,32], which will be discussed in detail in Section 8.3.…”

Section: Premisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this, we tried to prevent the participants from interpreting this stimulus as a robot's physical condition (fever, alive, feeling cold), robot's malfunction (over-heating), and the like. Recent literature in HRI research [10,18] discuss the context-and culture-dependency of emotional expression. These are surely the cases with the robot that we discussed in this article.…”

Section: Contextual Factors In Emotional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultural factors have also been discussed for the emotional expression of social robots [10,27,32]. Our design of thermal stimuli used conceptual metaphors related to emotional states.…”

Section: Contextual Factors In Emotional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Perception of Social Robot’s Emotional States via Facial and Thermal Expressions

Peña

Tanaka

2020

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

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Facial and thermal expressions can be used by humans to interpret emotions. While facial expressions can be a voluntary reaction, the change of temperature in the body is often not. Thus, a facial expression may not always be consistent with the emotional state that is expressed by the body temperature. This article aims to study the human perception of the emotional expression and the emotional state of a robot that simultaneously uses its face and body temperature. To this end, a robot, named TherMoody, which has the capability to change its body temperature from 10-55 • C, was used. Then, 25 combinations (5x5: one facial expression and one thermal expression for anger, joy, fear, sadness, and neutral state) were evaluated by 15 participants. Thermal expressions were designed based on the metaphors of emotions related to temperature. The results show people tend to base their judgment of the robot's emotional expression exclusively in its facial expression, regardless of the change of its body temperature. However, there are combinations where the thermal expression predominates over the facial expression when judging the robot's emotional state. Thus, these combinations may produce the perception that the robot's emotional expression is, in fact, genuine, simulated, masked, or neutralized. CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → User studies; Haptic devices; • Computer systems organization → Robotics;

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Section: Premisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextual Factors In Emotional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Perception of Social Robot’s Emotional States via Facial and Thermal Expressions

Peña

Tanaka

2020

J. Hum.-Robot Interact.

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“…Hence, providing robots with the ability to decode emotional signals and to produce them where expected is the only rational choice if interaction quality is the goal. That is, emotional displays are socially required as integral parts of human activities (Jung 2017;Fischer et al 2019). For instance, the delivery of bad news is conventionally associated with signs of empathy (e.g.…”

Section: Limits To Social Signaling: the Case Of Emotional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, during the delivery of bad news, signs of empathy are normatively required (see Maynard 1997); that is, if such signals are not provided, they are noticeably absent (in the ethnomethodological sense, see, for instance, Heritage 1988). For example, a robot that is providing information about store hours or about the availability of goods in a shopping mall, about train schedules in a railway station or about the availability of employees at a reception desk -tasks that are not unlikely to be fulfilled by robots in the near future -such a robot will have to provide appropriate signs of empathy when goods or contact persons are not available or trains are delayed in order to be rated as acceptable (Jung 2017); in a study in which a robot provided bad news either with or without such signs of empathy, the robot was rated as significantly less friendly, warm, polite and engaging when it did not use emotion expression (Fischer et al 2019). Thus, while one can argue that a robot cannot be expected to produce signs of empathy because as a machine, it does not have that capability, the decision not to endow a robot with such signals has considerable interactional consequences, which may reflect back negatively onto the company or organization the robot represents.…”

Section: Limits To Social Signaling: the Case Of Emotional Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Collaborative Robots Must Be Social (and even Emotional) Actors

Fischer¹

2019

Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology

Self Cite

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In this article, I address the question whether or not robots should be social actors and suggest that we do not have much choice but to construe collaborative robots as social actors. Social cues, including emotional displays, serve coordination functions in human interaction and therefore have to be used, even by robots, in order for long-term collaboration to succeed. While robots lack the experiential basis of emotional display, also in human interaction much emotional expression is part of conventional social practice; if robots are to participate in such social practices, they need to produce such signals as well. I conclude that if we aim to share our social spaces with robots, they better be social actors, which may even include the display of emotions. This finding is of empirical as well as philosophical relevance because it shifts the ethical discussion away from the question, how social collaborative robots should be, to the question, what kinds of human-robot collaborations we want.

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