Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between trauma type and PTSD symptoms in a diverse trauma-exposed clinical sample

Raudales, Alexa M.; Short, Nicole A.; Schmidt, Norman B.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.10.033

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To date, emotion dysregulation has been regarded as an important individual difference that differentially predicts risk for adverse mental health outcomes (McDermott, Tull, Gratz, Daughters, & Lejuez, 2009; McLaughlin, Hatzenbuehler, Mennin, & Nolen‐Hoeksema, 2011; Vasilev, Crowell, Beauchaine, Mead, & Gatzke‐Kopp, 2009). Specifically, in the face of the same stressor (e.g., traumatic experiences), individuals with higher levels of emotion dysregulation may be more likely to experience worse mental health symptoms compared to those with lower levels of emotion dysregulation, making it a particularly important construct to be able to measure in populations who face high exposure to trauma (Pencea et al, 2020; Raudales, Short, & Schmidt, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women

et al. 2020

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Background The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is commonly used to assess dimensions of emotion dysregulation, including emotion nonacceptance, limited strategies, and difficulty with goal‐directed behavior, impulse control, and emotional clarity. Despite considerable work examining the DERS' factor structure, reliability, and validity, there is limited psychometric support for its use with Black women. Objectives (1) Examine the factor structure of the DERS; (2) Compare fit of short‐form versions; and (3) Assess whether scores differ based on diagnoses. Method Sample consisted of Black women (n = 667) recruited in urban, community hospital setting. Results The DERS‐18 correlated traits model without awareness demonstrated the best fit, χ2 (80) = 261.09, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06 [0.05, 0.07], comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.98, weighted root mean square residual = 0.89. Additionally, those with current diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) reported higher dysregulation (vs. lifetime/no diagnoses). Further, women with comorbid PTSD/MDD reported greater dysregulation (vs. single disorder/no diagnoses). Conclusions This study provides evidence supporting the model fit, reliability, and validity of the DERS‐18 for Black women.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women

et al. 2020

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“…Our analyses revealed significant group-level differences in PC and connectivity strength such that individuals with PTSD demonstrated higher whole-brain, CEN, and DMN average PC and connectivity strength compared to controls. 62 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolution limit-free community detection reveals unique patterns of resting-state network connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Consortium investigation

Ross¹,

Jm²,

Sb³

et al. 2021

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychiatric condition that has generated much attention in the neuroimaging literature. A neurocircuitry model supporting fronto-limbic dysfunction as a major player in facilitating clinical symptoms of PTSD is well-characterized; however, recent literature suggests that network-based approaches may provide additional insight into neural dysfunction in PTSD. Our analysis uses resting-state neuroimaging scans of 1063 adults from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Consortium to investigate a network-based model of functional connectivity in PTSD. With a novel, resolution limit-free community detection approach, 16 communities corresponding to functionally meaningful networks were detected with high quality. After group-level community detection, participants were classified into three groups (PTSD, n=418, trauma-exposed controls without PTSD, n=434, and non-trauma exposed healthy controls, n=211). Individual network connectivity metrics were calculated, including whole-brain, default mode network, and central executive network participation coefficient and connectivity strength. Linear mixed effects models revealed group differences in the whole-brain, default mode, and central executive network participation coefficient and connectivity strength such that individuals with PTSD demonstrated overall greater values. We also described sex differences such that males demonstrate greater whole-brain participation coefficient vs. females and females demonstrate greater default mode network connectivity strength vs. males. Our results suggest that PTSD in adults is associated with reduced specialization and enhanced inter-module communication throughout the brain network, which may contribute to inefficient information processing and poor emotional regulation. This study presents a novel use of resolution limit-free community detection in a large PTSD sample, revealing robust differences in resting-state network topology.

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“…Research has suggested that older adults may suffer more reward dysfunction following trauma than younger adults will. 103 , 104 Although not fully studied, broader research does support the existence of variation in PTSD symptom expression across race, gender, and age—affecting arousal, 105 – 107 avoidance behaviors, 103 , 107 – 109 and emotional regulation 110 , 111 ): Evidence suggests that Black individuals are generally likely to experience more avoidance symptoms than white individuals will, 108 , 109 and women more so than men. 103 , 107 Also suggested is that Black individuals are generally likely to experience more hyperarousal symptoms than white individuals will, 105 elderly adults more than younger adults, 106 and women more than men.…”

Section: Complexity and Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptom variation may, in part, be explained by differing trauma types across populations. 109 – 114 For example, racial trauma may produce a different set of coping strategy than other traumas 109 and sexual trauma may affect emotional regulation skills, mitigating gender differences. 110 – 112 …”

Section: Complexity and Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptom variation may, in part, be explained by differing trauma types across populations. [109][110][111][112][113][114] For example, racial trauma may produce a different set of coping strategy than other traumas 109 and sexual trauma may affect emotional regulation skills, mitigating gender differences. [110][111][112] Heterogeneity across populations is important to address, as ignoring it could lead to systematically underdiagnosing or overdiagnosing certain groups, which may further result in undertreating or mistreating.…”

Section: Complexity and Heterogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

et al. 2021

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder and a highly debilitating condition. Although anhedonia is an important construct of the disorder, the relationship between PTSD and reward functioning is still under-researched. To date, the majority of research on PTSD has focused on fear: fear learning, maintenance, and extinction. Here we review the relevant literature—including clinical observations, self-report data, neuroimaging research, and animal studies—in order to examine the potential effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on the reward system. Our current lack of sufficient insight into how trauma affects the reward system is one possible hindrance to clinical progress. The current review highlights the need for further investigation into the complex relationship between exposure to trauma and the reward system to further our understandings of the ethology of PTSD.

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Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between trauma type and PTSD symptoms in a diverse trauma-exposed clinical sample

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women

Validation of the difficulties with emotion regulation scale in a sample of trauma‐exposed Black women

Resolution limit-free community detection reveals unique patterns of resting-state network connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A PGC-ENIGMA PTSD Consortium investigation

The Reward System and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Does Trauma Affect the Way We Interact With Positive Stimuli?

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