Emotion-based decision-making in healthy subjects: short-term effects of reducing dopamine levels

Sevy, Serge; Hassoun, Youssef; Bechara, Antoine; Yechiam, Eldad; Napolitano, Barbara; Burdick, Katherine E.; Delman, Howard; Malhotra, Anil K.

doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0450-z

Cited by 94 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Tyrosine depletion impaired performance of the Iowa Gambling Task by enhancing the weight attributed to recent compared with less recent outcomes (Sevy et al, 2006). These results complement other data suggesting that tyrosine depletion, achieved through ingestion of a BCAA mixture, reduced the weight decision makers' place upon the magnitude of bad outcomes when making decisions under conditions of uncertainty for monetary rewards (Scarná et al, 2005).…”

Section: Dopamine and Decision Makingsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In healthy adults, Sevy et al (2006) used the Iowa Gambling Task to test optimal longer-term decision making following ingestion of a mixture of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) that depleted the tyrosine substrate for dopamine synthesis. Tyrosine depletion impaired performance of the Iowa Gambling Task by enhancing the weight attributed to recent compared with less recent outcomes (Sevy et al, 2006).…”

Section: Dopamine and Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Decision Making: Evidence from Pharmacological Experiments in Humans

Rogers

2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

192

130

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Neurophysiological experiments in primates, alongside neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance investigations in humans, have significantly enhanced our understanding of the neural architecture of decision making. In this review, I consider the more limited database of experiments that have investigated how dopamine and serotonin activity influences the choices of human adults. These include those experiments that have involved the administration of drugs to healthy controls, experiments that have tested genotypic influences upon dopamine and serotonin function, and, finally, some of those experiments that have examined the effects of drugs on the decision making of clinical samples. Pharmacological experiments in humans are few in number and face considerable methodological challenges in terms of drug specificity, uncertainties about pre-vs post-synaptic modes of action, and interactions with baseline cognitive performance. However, the available data are broadly consistent with current computational models of dopamine function in decision making and highlight the dissociable roles of dopamine receptor systems in the learning about outcomes that underpins value-based decision making. Moreover, genotypic influences on (interacting) prefrontal and striatal dopamine activity are associated with changes in choice behavior that might be relevant to understanding exploratory behaviors and vulnerability to addictive disorders. Manipulations of serotonin in laboratory tests of decision making in human participants have provided less consistent results, but the information gathered to date indicates a role for serotonin in learning about bad decision outcomes, non-normative aspects of risk-seeking behavior, and social choices involving affiliation and notions of fairness. Finally, I suggest that the role played by serotonin in the regulation of cognitive biases, and representation of context in learning, point toward a role in the cortically mediated cognitive appraisal of reinforcers when selecting between actions, potentially accounting for its influence upon the processing salient aversive outcomes and social choice.

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Section: Dopamine and Decision Makingsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Dopamine and Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Decision Making: Evidence from Pharmacological Experiments in Humans

Rogers

2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

192

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In general BCAAS have not shown significant beneficial effects in brain activities; however their supplementations have the short term effect of reducing dopamine levels in healthy emotion-based decision making subjects, characterized by short sightedness, difficulties in resisting short term reward /gain, despite long term negative consequences. Similar effects of BCAAS have been observed on biochemical indices of neurotransmitter function and decision making when also supplemented with tryptophan [77][78][79].…”

Section: Branch Chain Amino Acids (Bcaas)supporting

confidence: 59%

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Gupta¹

2010

TOADDJ

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Labelling Pathological gambling (PG) with a tag of Socio-Psychological problem more than medical causes hampers its pharmacological treatment. Because of this, its neurobiology has been studied only a little, limited to abnormalities in the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Besides this; studies on the role of precursors of these neurotransmitters are almost negligible. Higher concentrations of known precursors like tryptophan, tyrosine and phenyl alanine have been reported in the CSF of pathological gamblers. In addition to this, recently many other inhibitory and excitatory amino acids like GABA, taurine, aspartic and glutamic acids have been found to be in much higher concentration, providing a basis for the candidate amino acids in the therapy of PG. Many of these amino acids have beneficial actions in a number of CNS problems. On this basis, as most of these amino acids are non-toxic and natural, such amino acids can be used as supplements /compliments in PG therapy. One of these amino acids, taurine, a sulfur containing amino acid which is now part of various energy drinks, anti-ageing and anti-diabetes formulas, mood enhancers and many more alternative medicine applications, also could exert beneficial actions in alleviating PG. Therapy with amino acids also has its own limitations; hence development of pro-drug derivatives of these amino acids may constitute a new class of therapeutic agent for PG. This review is a blended form of synthesis and synopsis about various amino acids in the context of PG, considering their potential utility and providing a provocative stimulus for scientific thinkers.

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“…This disparity in results may reflect task differences or species differences because potencies of DAT and NET inhibitors vary between rats compared with mice and humans (Han and Gu, 2006;Rothman and Baumann, 2003). In humans, limited pharmacological IGT studies have been performed, although reduced DA activity impaired decision making in one study (Sevy et al, 2006). Interestingly, treatment with modafinil (an atypical stimulant with DAT inhibition properties) also impaired decision making in low pathological gamblers in the IGT (Zack and Poulos, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Dopamine Transporter Functioning Induces High-Reward Risk-Preference Consistent with Bipolar Disorder

Enkhuizen

Henry

Minassian

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit deleterious decision making, negatively impacting their lives. Such aberrant decision making can be quantified using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which requires choosing between advantageous and disadvantageous options based on different reward/punishment schedules. The mechanisms underlying this behavioral deficit are unknown, but may include the reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) functioning reported in BD patients. Using both human and mouse IGTs, we tested whether reduced DAT functioning would recreate patterns of deficient decision making of BD patients. We assessed the IGT performance of 16 BD subjects (7 female) and 17 healthy control (HC) subjects (12 female). We recorded standard IGT performance measures and novel post-reward and post-punishment decision-making strategies. We characterized a novel single-session mouse IGT using C57BL/6J mice (n ¼ 44). The BD and HC IGT performances were compared with the effects of chronic (genetic knockdown (KD; n ¼ 31) and wild-type (n ¼ 28) mice) and acute (C57BL/6J mice (n ¼ 89) treated with the DAT inhibitor GBR12909) reductions of DAT functioning in mice performing this novel IGT. BD patients exhibited impaired decision making compared with HC subjects. Both the good-performing DAT KD and GBR12909-treated mice exhibited poor decision making in the mouse IGT. The deficit of each population was driven by highreward sensitivity. The single-session mouse IGT measures dynamic risk-based decision making similar to humans. Chronic and acute reductions of DAT functioning in mice impaired decision-making consistent with poor IGT performance of BD patients. Hyperdopaminergia caused by reduced DAT may impact poor decision making in BD patients, which should be confirmed in future studies.

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Emotion-based decision-making in healthy subjects: short-term effects of reducing dopamine levels

Abstract: Introduction-Converging evidences from animal and human studies suggest that addiction is associated with dopaminergic dysfunction in brain reward circuits. So far, it is unclear what aspects of addictive behaviors are related to a dopaminergic dysfunction.

Cited by 94 publications

References 52 publications

The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Decision Making: Evidence from Pharmacological Experiments in Humans

The Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Decision Making: Evidence from Pharmacological Experiments in Humans

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Reduced Dopamine Transporter Functioning Induces High-Reward Risk-Preference Consistent with Bipolar Disorder

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