“…Studies investigating the effects of emojis mostly emphasize the positive effects of using them, such as increased attention (Bai et al, 2019; Willoughby & Liu, 2018), support for reading comprehension (Lo, 2008; Riordan, 2017), or messages containing emojis being perceived as more informative, attractive, and innovative (Prada et al, 2022; Yakın & Eru, 2017). Emojis can also increase the likelihood of interaction (McShane et al, 2021) and have positive effects on purchase intention and product recommendation behavior (Distel et al, 2022; Indwar & Mishra, 2022; Prada et al, 2022). However, most studies have focused on comparing the effects of no emoji use to using only a few emojis.…”