Emittance studies of the BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell photocathode RF gun

Palmer, D.T.; Wang, X. J.; Miller, R.H.; Babzien, M.; Ben‐Zvi, I.; Pellegrini, C.; Sheehan, J.; Skaritka, J.; Winick, H.; Woodle, M.; Yakimenko, V.

doi:10.1109/pac.1997.752732

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In particular it was recognized that 47 the peak current and energy spread obtainable from RF photoinjectors, according to 48 the Los Alamos results at L band and the simulations for the S-band case, were much 49 superior to those obtainable in an electron storage ring, and satisfied the requirements 50 for an X-ray SASE-FEL. Kim also presented an analysis of the physics and technology 51 of RF photoinjectors, discussing methods to reduce the emittance blow-up due to 52 space-charge forces and RF curvature effects.…”

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confidence: 97%

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The history of X-ray free-electron lasers

Pellegrini

2012

EPJ H

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125

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Abstract.The successful lasing at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory of the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the first X-ray free-electron laser (X-ray FEL), in the wavelength range 1.5 to 15Å, pulse duration of 60 to few femtoseconds, number of coherent photons per pulse from 10 13 to 10 11 , is a landmark event in the development of coherent electromagnetic radiation sources. Until now electrons traversing an undulator magnet in a synchrotron radiation storage ring provided the best X-ray sources. The LCLS has set a new standard, with a peak X-ray brightness higher by ten orders of magnitudes and pulse duration shorter by three orders of magnitudes. LCLS opens a new window in the exploration of matter at the atomic and molecular scales of length and time. Taking a motion picture of chemical processes in a few femtoseconds or less, unraveling the structure and dynamics of complex molecular systems, like proteins, are some of the exciting experiments made possible by LCLS and the other X-ray FELs now being built in Europe and Asia. In this paper, we describe the history of the many theoretical, experimental and technological discoveries and innovations, starting from the 1960s and 1970s, leading to the development of LCLS.

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confidence: 97%

“…The conceptual design report study group included scientists from Lawrence 48 Livermore Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UCLA, Lawrence Berkeley 49 National Laboratory, the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the University of 50 Rochester, the University of Milan, and DESY. The full list of names is found in 51 [Cornacchia 1998].…”

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confidence: 99%

The history of X-ray free-electron lasers

Pellegrini

2012

EPJ H

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125

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“…The latest generation of light sources has been made possible by the advances in peak electron brightness due to modern rf photoinjectors [1,2]. rf guns offer low emittance beams that can be accelerated to the necessary operating energy to lower the geometric emittance, and temporally compressed to the required peak current for free-electron laser (FEL) operation [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a second generation X -band rf photoinjector

Marsh

Anderson

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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rf photoinjectors produce incredibly bright electron beams enabling advanced photon science applications such as the current generation of free electron lasers and high energy x-rays and gammarays via laser-Compton scattering. A second generation 5.59 cell X-band rf gun has been developed, installed, conditioned, commissioned, tuned, and used to produce laser-Compton x-rays and multiple electron bunches. A charge per bunch from a few pC to 500 pC has been measured, consistent with a quantum efficiency of 5 × 10 −5 using a 263 nm 10 Hz photocathode drive laser. The rf gun has operated close to design performance at high gradient, and more reliably at lower gradient achieving a root mean square normalized emittance of 0.3 mm mrad at both 80 pC at 185 MV=m, and 40 pC at 165 MV=m. Thermal emittance is estimated at 0.55 mm mrad=mm. Energy spread of 0.03% has been achieved. These results agree very well with modeling predictions for the operating conditions under which the measurements were made. Unusually disruptive breakdowns were observed with an applied magnetic field of 0.5T used for emittance compensation.

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“…However there is experimental indication of bunch lengthening in the 1.6 cell S-band rf gun at these current densities which is not manifested in PARMELA simulations [8]. Thus the expected bunch length at 150 MeV may be longer than indicated in simulation by possibly 30-40%.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 71%