Emissions of volatile organic compounds from building materials and consumer products

Wallace, Lance; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Leaderer, Brian P.; Zelon, Harvey; Sheldon, Linda

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(87)90017-5

Cited by 188 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As shown in fig. 4, the evening measurements showed an increase in all VOCs indoor concentrations possibly due to glue and cleaning products use [15]. Next morning measurement showed that both indoor and outdoor concentrations were elevated.…”

Section: Smoker's Housementioning

confidence: 84%

Contribution from smoking to PM2.5, PM1 particles and VOCs concentrations in residential houses in Athens, Greece

Saraga¹,

Maggos²,

Vassilakos³

et al. 2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 86

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to investigate the indoor and outdoor air quality at two residences in a suburban area of Athens, based on different human activities (smoking and non-smoking, open and closed windows). For this purpose, two apartments in the same area were equipped with particulate matter samplers with PM1 and PM2.5 impactors and VOCs samplers for benzene, toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene measurements. Both apartments had 4 inhabitants, while one smoker was living in the second one, smoking on average 10 cigarettes per day. Daily activities were also recorded to questionnaires.The results indicated that for the non-smokers apartment, the main source of PM2.5 indoor concentration seems to be PM2.5 outdoor concentration, while PM1 and VOCs concentrations followed a corresponding variation. On the other hand, the main source of indoor pollution in the smoker's apartment seems to be smoking since PM2.5, PM1 and benzene indoor concentrations were found 2.5, 3.5 and 1.4 times higher than the ones observed in the non-smokers house. In addition, during two days of smoker's absence, PM2.5, PM1 and VOCs indoor concentrations were decreased but still over the outdoor concentrations.

show abstract

Section: Smoker's Housementioning

confidence: 84%

Contribution from smoking to PM2.5, PM1 particles and VOCs concentrations in residential houses in Athens, Greece

Saraga¹,

Maggos²,

Vassilakos³

et al. 2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 86

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the styrene indoors is believed to be emitted by tobacco smoke. Other possible sources of styrene indoors are carpeting (Wallace et al, 1987b), insulation and plastics (Wallace et al, 1985), and consumer products. Most produced styrene is consumed in plastics, resins, coatings and paints (Spectrum Laboratories, 2002).…”

Section: Comparisons Between Locations Considering Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient, indoor and personal exposure relationships of volatile organic compounds in Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Serrano-Trespalacios

Ryan

Spengler

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution standards and control strategies are based on ambient measurements. For many outdoor air pollutants, individuals are closer to their sources (especially traffic) and there are important indoor sources influencing the relationship between ambient and personal exposures. This paper examines the relationship between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured at central site monitoring stations and personal exposures in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Over a 1-year period, personal exposures to 34 VOCs were measured for 90 volunteers from 30 families living close to one of five central monitoring stations. Simultaneous 24-h indoor, outdoor and central site measurements were also taken. Dual packed thermal desorption tubes and C 18 DNPH-coated cartridges were used for sampling VOCs and these were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC, respectively. A factor analysis of the personal exposure data aided in grouping compounds by the most likely source type: vehicular (BTEX, styrene and 1,3-butadiene), secondary formed or photochemical (most aldehydes), building materials and consumer products (formaldehyde and benzaldehyde), cleaning solvents (tetrachloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane), volatilization from water (chloroform and trichloroethene) and deodorizers (1,4-dichlorobenzene). Mean ambient, indoor and personal concentrations were 7/7/14 mg/m 3 for benzene, 1/3/3 for 1,3-butadiene, 6/20/20 for formaldehyde and 3/9/50 for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Geometric mean (GM) ambient concentrations of trichloroethene and carbon tetrachloride were similar to GM personal exposures. While outdoor and indoor home GM concentrations for most vehicular related compounds (benzene, MTBE, xylenes and styrene) were comparable, the GM personal exposures were twice as high. Indoor concentrations of 1,3-butadiene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, chloroform, formaldehyde, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde and n-butyraldehyde were comparable to personal exposures. For certain compounds, such as chloroform, aldehydes, toluene, 1,3-butadiene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, GM personal exposures were more than two times greater than GM ambient measurements.

show abstract

“…Health problems observed at VOC concentrations below workplace standards include eye irritation, chemical sensitization, and decreased mental alertness. Over the past 15 years, scientists have sought to characterize VOC emissions from such products as moth balls ( Tichenor et al, 1990;Chang and Krebs, 1992 ), carpeting ( Sollinger et al, 1993a,b;Little et al, 1994 ), construction materials (Gammage and Matthews, 1988 ), arts and crafts materials ( Thompson and Thompson, 1990 ), wood coatings and finishes, (Chang and Guo, 1992;Guo et al, 1998Guo et al, , 1999Anex and Lund, 1999 ) , paint stripper ( Girman et al, 1987 ), indoor insecticides (Bukowski and Meyer, 1995 ), herbicides tracked indoors (Nishioka et al, 1996 ), household cleaners (Kovacs et al, 1997) , fragrances in detergents and cosmetic products ( Cooper et al, 1995 ), tap water ( McKone, 1987;Tancre Âde et al, 1992;Wilkes et al, 1992Wilkes et al, , 1996, home humidifiers (Highsmith et al, 1992 ), and various combinations of products (Pickrell et al, 1983;Wallace et al, 1987;Wallace et al, 1989 ). Ott and Roberts ( 1998 ) point out the need to consider people's exposure to VOCs, and not just a chemical's toxicity or its total emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Riley

Small

Fischhoff

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Home improvement is a popular activity, but one that can also involve exposure to hazardous substances. Paint stripping is of particular concern because of the high potential exposures to methylene chloride, a solvent that is a potential human carcinogen and neurotoxicant. This article presents a general methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for reducing these risks. It doubles as a model that assesses exposure patterns, incorporating user time ± activity patterns and risk -mitigation strategies. The model draws upon recent innovations in indoor air -quality modeling to estimate exposure through inhalation and dermal pathways to paint -stripper users. It is designed to use data gathered from home paint -stripper users about room characteristics, amount of stripper used, time ± activity patterns and exposure -reduction strategies ( e.g., increased ventilation and modification in the timing of stripper application, scraping, and breaks ) . Results indicate that the effectiveness of behavioral interventions depends strongly on characteristics of the room ( e.g., size, number and size of doors and windows, base air -exchange rates ) . The greatest simple reduction in exposure is achieved by using an exhaust fan in addition to opening windows and doors. These results can help identify the most important information for product labels and other risk -communication materials.

show abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds from building materials and consumer products

Cited by 188 publications

References 5 publications

Contribution from smoking to PM2.5, PM1 particles and VOCs concentrations in residential houses in Athens, Greece

Contribution from smoking to PM2.5, PM1 particles and VOCs concentrations in residential houses in Athens, Greece

Ambient, indoor and personal exposure relationships of volatile organic compounds in Mexico City Metropolitan Area

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About