Emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds from liquefied petroleum gas-fueled taxis under idle and cruising modes

Feng, Jingjing; Song, Wei; Deng, Wei; Zhu, Min; Fang, Zheng; Ye, Yuqing; Fang, Hua; Wu, Zhenfeng; Lowther, Scott; Jones, Kelvin C.; Wang, Xinming

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115623

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Other top ten VOC species included i-pentane (2.52 ± 1.96 ppbv), i-butane (1.82 ± 1.35 ppbv), n-pentane (1.78 ± 1.81 ppbv), ethyne (1.51 ± 0.81 ppbv), m/p-xylene (1.44 ± 1.63 ppbv), ethane (1.43 ± 0.73 ppbv), and ethylene (1.21 ± 0.65 ppbv), and the sum of the top ten VOCs contributed 68.9% of the total VOCs. Among the above-mentioned VOCs, propane, i-butane, and n-butanes are the three most prominent species from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emission [68], toluene and m/p-xylene are mainly from industrial solvents and vehicle exhaust [37], i-pentane and n-pentane are typical tracers of oil evaporation [69], and ethyne, ethane, and ethylene are mainly obtained from the emissions of various combustion sources [70]. Consequently, VOCs in Guangzhou are closely related to the use of LPG and industrial solvents, vehicle exhaust, oil evaporation, and combustion sources.…”

Section: Positive Matrix Factorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factor 1 was rich in C 5 -C 7 alkanes; 2,3-dimethylbutane, 3-methylpentane, and 2,3-dimethylpentane were typical tracers of gasoline vehicle exhaust [58]; Higher carbon alkanes and aromatics including 3-methylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and toluene were mainly from diesel vehicle exhaust [76]; thus, factor 1 was considered vehicle exhaust emission. Factor 2 was identified as LPG emission, which is distinguished by a high loading of the LPG tracers propane, i-butane, and n-butane [68]. Factor 3 showed dominance of i-pentane and n-pentane, and was believed to be oil evaporation emission [69].…”

Section: Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Chemical Reactivity, Source, and Emission Regions

Yang

Pei

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of photochemical ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, hourly variations of ambient VOCs were monitored with an online system at an urban site (Panyu, PY) in the Pearl River Delta region during August–September of 2020 in order to identify reactive VOC species and major sources of VOCs, OH loss rate (LOH), SOA formation potential (SOAFP), and corresponding emission source regions. The average concentration of VOCs at PY was 31.80 ± 20.82 ppbv during the campaign. The C2–C5 alkanes, aromatics, and ≥C6 alkanes contributed for the majority of VOC, alkenes and aromatics showed the highest contribution to LOH and SOAFP. Further, m/p-xylene, propene, and toluene were found to be the top three most reactive anthropogenic VOC species, with respective contributions of 11.6%, 6.1%, and 5.8% to total LOH. Toluene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene constituted a large fraction of calculated SOAFP. Seven major sources were identified by using positive matrix factorization model. Vehicle exhaust made the most significant contribution to VOCs, followed by liquefied petroleum gas and combustion sources. However, industrial-related sources (including industrial solvent use and industrial process emission) had the largest contribution to LOH and SOAFP. By combining source contribution with wind direction and wind speed, the regions of different sources were further identified. Based on high-resolution observation data during ozone pollution, this study clearly exhibits key reactive VOC species and the major emission regions of different VOC sources, and thus benefits the accurate emission control of VOCs in the near future.

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Section: Positive Matrix Factorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Chemical Reactivity, Source, and Emission Regions

Yang

Pei

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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“…Помимо значительного расширения применения СУГ в различных отраслях хозяйства, в России действует государственная программа «Развитие рынка газомоторного топлива», которая предусматривает глобальный перевод транспорта различного назначения на «голубое топливо» [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Technology for safe and energy-efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas at strategic facilities

Шевцов

Fetisov

2021

Vestn. Voronež. gos. univ. inž. tehnol.

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A technology for safe and energy efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at strategic facilities has been proposed. A strategy for controlling the technological parameters of the process of condensation of LPG vapors and regasification of the liquid phase has been developed. The peculiarity of the technology lies in the use of a vapor compression heat pump as a source of alternative energy with stabilization of temperature regimes, preventing LPG losses and providing a given regasification performance when supplied to the consumer. The compressor of the heat pump allows to provide the required degree of compression in the operating temperature range in the heat pump condenser, and throttling of the refrigerant through the thermostatic valve ensures the stabilization of the required pressure corresponding to the set range of values of the boiling points of the refrigerant in the evaporator. The regulation of these parameters under conditions of random disturbances caused by external factors creates conditions for the complete condensation of LPG vapors of various compositions formed as a result of its self-evaporation, and also maintains the productivity of the regasification process in the range of specified values, regardless of the climatic zone. The proposed automatic control will ensure the accuracy and reliability of control by reducing the spread of controlled parameters, ensuring their variation in a given range, which is a significant reserve for the intensification of thermal processes while reducing the magnitude of the fire risk and increasing the environmental safety of the environment, including through the use of harmless, non-flammable, non-explosive refrigerant. The use of operational information from the control object to regulate the temperature regimes of condensation of vapors of liquefied hydrocarbon gas in the evaporator and its regasification in the condenser of a vapor compression heat pump within the specified values creates optimal conditions for storing and dispensing gas in large-capacity tanks with minimal energy costs.

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“…Research on the use of LPG as a motor fuel continues in different countries and now [1][2][3][4][5]. For example, in [1] the retrofitting of a serial car with a gasoline engine to the liquefied petroleum gas supply system is considered as a medium-term perspective in the transition to sustainable fuels and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of research, CO emissions were reduced by 15.97 %, HC emissions by 21.19 %, and CO 2 emissions by 6.84 %. In [3], 26 liquefied gas taxis in Guangzhou, southern China, were tested using a chassis dynamometer. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during engine idling and modes corresponding to city traffic (at a speed of 10-60 km/h).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of fuel consumption and harmful emissions of cars when using different types of fuel

Manko¹,

Shuba²,

Корпач³

et al. 2020

J. meas. eng.

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The article presents the results of studies of energy, environmental and fuel efficiency indicators of a passenger car with a gasoline injection system. The engine is equipped with a device additionally supplying liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and it has an ignition timing variator (ITV). As a result of research, an improvement in the fuel efficiency of a car in thermal equivalent was found when the engine was running on LPG and a slight increase in energy performance was observed. Emissions of pollutants with exhaust gases change in different ways: emissions of carbon monoxide practically do not change, emissions of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are growing, carbon dioxide emissions from LPG operation are reduced, socio-economic damage when the engine is running on LPG is also reduced.

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Emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds from liquefied petroleum gas-fueled taxis under idle and cruising modes

Cited by 23 publications

References 79 publications

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Chemical Reactivity, Source, and Emission Regions

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Pearl River Delta Region, China: Chemical Reactivity, Source, and Emission Regions

Technology for safe and energy-efficient storage of liquefied petroleum gas at strategic facilities

Measurement of fuel consumption and harmful emissions of cars when using different types of fuel

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