Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from pasture on drained peat soils in the Netherlands

Langeveld, C.A.; Segers, R.; Dirks, B.O.M.; Dasselaar, A. van den Pol–van; Velthof, G.L.; Hensen, A.

doi:10.1016/s0378-519x(97)80008-6

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…While being nutrient-rich, Site B is still very much "extensive" given the low artificial N input. Our values are, however, comparable to Dutch figures reported by Langeveld et al (1997) and van Beek et al (2011) where grasslands had typically less fertiliser and manure inputs over time. Overall, our results are not sufficient to conclude firmly on the insignificance of N 2 O fluxes in extensive grassland over organic soils and further investigations in this area are warranted to ascertain the potential for large denitrification losses.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxessupporting

confidence: 87%

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Temperate grasslands on organic soils are diverse due to edaphic properties but also to regional management practices and this heterogeneity is reflected in the wide range of greenhouse gas (GHG) flux values reported in the literature. In Ireland, most grasslands on organic soils were drained several decades ago and are managed as extensive pastures with little or no fertilisation. This study describes a 2-year study of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of two such sites. We determined GHG fluxes and waterborne carbon (C) emissions in a nutrient-rich grassland and compared it with values measured from two nutrient-poor organic soils: a deep-drained and a shallow-drained site. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes were determined using the chamber technique, and fluvial C fluxes were estimated by combining drainage water concentrations and flows.The nutrient-rich site was an annual source of CO 2 (233 g C m −2 yr −1 ), CH 4 neutral, and a small source of N 2 O (0.16 g N 2 O-N m −2 yr −1 ). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site was −89 and −99 g C m −2 yr −1 in Years 1 and 2 respectively, and NEE at the deep-drained nutrient-poor site was 85 and −26 g C m −2 yr −1 respectively. Low CH 4 emissions (1.3 g C m −2 yr −1 ) were recorded at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site. Fluvial exports from the nutrient-rich site totalled 69.8 g C m −2 yr −1 with 54 % as dissolved organic C. Waterborne C losses from the nutrient-poor site reflected differences in annual runoff totalling 44 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 1 and 30.8 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 2.The NECB of the nutrient-rich grassland was 663 g C m −2 yr −1 with biomass exports being the major component accounting for 53 %. The NECB of the nutrient-poor deep-drained site was less than half of the nutrient-rich site (2-year mean 267 g C m −2 yr −1 ). Although NEE at the nutrient-poor shallow-drained site was negative in both years, high biomass export meant it was a net C source (2-year mean NECB 103 g C m −2 yr −1 ). While the impacts of the nutrient and drainage status on NEE, biomass exports and fluvial C losses were confirmed, inter-regional differences in management practice and climate were also significant factors which impacted on the overall NECB of these ecosystems. Contrary to expectation, the NECB of nutrient-poor drained organic soils under grasslands is not necessarily a large C source and this has implications for Ireland's choice of national GHG inventory reporting methodologies. This study can also aid the development of strategies to deliver reduced emissions tailored to local grassland types.

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Section: Magnitude Of Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxessupporting

confidence: 87%

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

et al. 2014

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“…Drainage will limit the production of CH 4 , but also increase the potential for CH 4 oxidation during passage through the unsaturated zone to the atmosphere. As a result CH 4 fluxes from drained organic soils are consistently low or slightly negative (Langeveld et al, 1997;Drösler et al, 2008;Maljanen et al, 2010). Methane oxidation potentials appear to be highest near the oxic/anoxic interface.…”

Section: S O Petersen Et Al: Annual Emissions Of Ch 4 and N 2 Omentioning

confidence: 97%

Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The use of organic soils by agriculture involves drainage and tillage, and the resulting increase in C and N turnover can significantly affect their greenhouse gas balance. This study estimated annual fluxes of CH 4 and N 2 O, and ecosystem respiration (R eco ), from eight organic soils managed by agriculture. The sites were located in three regions representing different landscape types and climatic conditions, and three land use categories were covered (arable crops, AR, grass in rotation, RG, and permanent grass, PG). The normal management at each site was followed, except that no N inputs occurred during the monitoring period from August 2008 to October 2009. The stratified sampling strategy further included six sampling points in three blocks at each site. Environmental variables (precipitation, PAR, air and soil temperature, soil moisture, groundwater level) were monitored continuously and during sampling campaigns, where also groundwater samples were taken for analysis. Gaseous fluxes were monitored on a three-weekly basis, giving 51, 49 and 38 field campaigns for land use categories AR, PG and RG, respectively. Climatic conditions in each region during monitoring were representative as compared to 20-yr averages. Peat layers were shallow, typically 0.5 to 1 m, and with a pH of 4 to 5. At six sites annual emissions of N 2 O were in the range 3 to 24 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 , but at two arable sites (spring barley, potato) net emissions of 38 and 61 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 were recorded. The two highemitting sites were characterized by fluctuating groundwater, low soil pH and elevated groundwater SO 2− 4 concentrations. Annual fluxes of CH 4 were generally small, as expected, ranging from 2 to 4 kg CH 4 ha −1 . However, two permanent grasslands had tussocks of Juncus effusus L. (soft rush) in sampling points that were consistent sources of CH 4 throughout the year. Emission factors for organic soils in rotation and with permanent grass, respectively, were estimated to be 0.011 and 0.47 g m −2 for CH 4 , and 2.5 and 0.5 g m −2 for N 2 O. This first documentation of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from managed organic soils in Denmark confirms the levels and wide ranges of emissions previously reported for the Nordic countries. However, the stratified experimental design also identified links between gaseous emissions and site-specific conditions with respect to soil, groundwater and vegetation which point to areas of future research that may account for part of the variability and hence lead to improved emission factors or models.

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“…Following the good practice guidance approach of the IPCC at Tier 1 and Tier 2 level, for calculation of the background emission a constant value for the emission should be used in each climatic zone. However, previous experimental and simulation studies on N 2 O emission from managed peat soil point towards increasing N 2 O emissions with increasing N input rates and groundwater levels (Schrier-Uijl et al 2010;Velthof and Oenema 1995;Velthof et al 1996a;Langeveld et al 1997), which indicates that in fact the background emission may be related to groundwater level. Moreover, considering that groundwater level are deepest and N inputs are highest in summer, a seasonal fluctuation with relatively high net and background emissions during summer is expected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized grasslands on peat soil

Beek

Pleijter

Kuikman

2010

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from managed and grazed grasslands on peat soils are amongst the highest emissions in the world per unit of surface of agriculturally managed soil. According to the IPCC methodology, the direct N 2 O emissions from managed organic soils is the sum of N 2 O emissions derived from N input, including fertilizers, urine and dung of grazing cattle, and a constant 'background' N 2 O emission from decomposition of organic matter that depends on agro-climatic zone. In this paper we questioned the constant nature of this background emission from peat soils by monitoring N 2 O emissions, groundwater levels, N inputs and soil NO 3 --N contents from 4 grazed and fertilized grassland fields on managed organic peat soil. Two fields had a relatively low groundwater level ('dry' fields) and two fields had a relatively high groundwater level ('wet' fields). To measure the background N 2 O emission, unfertilized sub-plots were installed in each field. Measurements were performed monthly and after selected management events for 2 years (2008)(2009)). On the managed fields average cumulative emission equaled 21 ± 2 kg N ha -1 y -1 for the 'dry' fields and 14 ± 3 kg N ha -1 y -1 for the 'wet' fields. On the unfertilized sub-plots emissions equaled 4 ± 0.6 kg N ha -1 y -1 for the 'dry' fields and 1 ± 0.7 kg N ha -1 y -1 for the 'wet' fields, which is below the currently used estimates. Background emissions were closely correlated with groundwater level (R 2 = 0.73) and accounted for approximately 22% of the cumulative N 2 O emission for the dry fields and for approximately 10% of the cumulative N 2 O emissions from the wet fields. The results of this study demonstrate that the accuracy of estimating direct N 2 O emissions from peat soils can be improved by approximately 20% by applying a background emission of N 2 O that depends on annual average groundwater level rather than applying a constant value.

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Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from pasture on drained peat soils in the Netherlands

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized grasslands on peat soil

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Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from pasture on drained peat soils in the Netherlands

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

Annual emissions of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture

Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized and unfertilized grasslands on peat soil

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Annual emissions of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture