Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from undisturbed, drained and mined peatlands in Estonia

Salm, Jüri-Ott; Maddison, Martin; Tammik, Sille; Soosaar, Kaido; Truu, Jaak; Mander, Ülo

doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0934-7

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(61 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Shurpali et al, 2008;Mander et al, 2012;Salm et al, 2012). While the addition of WT or VMC improved the performance of the R eco models at some of the sites, the improvement was only slight and this is likely due to the fairly narrow range of WT and VMC values recorded over the course of the 12-month study (e.g.…”

Section: Effects Of Drainage Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, a lowering of the water table leads to increased CO 2 emissions Salm et al, 2012;Haddaway et al, 2014) as the aerobic layer is deepened and mineralisation rates are accentuated. Concurrently, CH 4 emissions (with the exception of emissions from ditches) may decrease or cease Turetsky et al, 2014), waterborne C exports may increase (Strack et al, 2008;Evans et al, 2015) and there may be a heightened risk of C loss through fire .…”

Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Järveoja et al, 2012;Mander et al, 2012;Salm et al, 2012;Strack et al, 2014), (c) no data from ROI or UK peatlands were included in the IPCC derivation, which might mean that the Tier 1 value may not be appropriate for these countries, and (d) no distinction is made between industrial or domestic extraction sites, despite large differences in their drainage, vegetation cover and management characteristics. In addition, previous studies of peatland fire EFs have focused on the boreal peatlands of Alaska (Yokelson et al, 1997) and Canada (Stockwell et al, 2014) and the temperate peatlands of Minnesota (Yokelson et al, 1997) and North Carolina (Stockwell et al, 2014).…”

Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10th and 90th percentile are indicated by the bars, the 25th and 75th percentiles with the top and bottom of the box and the median value by the centre line. (Data for Canada and Fennoscandia taken from the following studies; Tuittila and Komulainen, 1995;Sundh et al, 2000;Waddington et al, 2002;Glatzel et al, 2003;McNeil and Waddington, 2003;Tuittila et al, 2004;Cleary et al, 2005;Alm et al, 2007a;Shurpali et al, 2008;Waddington et al, 2010;Järveoja et al, 2012;Mander et al, 2012;Salm et al, 2012;Strack et al, 2014. ) Where studies reported seasonal fluxes (typically May to October), these were converted to annual fluxes by assuming that 15 % of the flux occurs in the nongrowing season soil moisture (Lindsay et al, 2014.…”

Section: Effects Of Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to highertier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country-or regional-specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO 2 -C emissions from nine peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial versus domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. Drainagerelated methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions as well as CO 2 -C emissions associated with the off-site decomposition of horticultural peat were not included here. Our results show that net CO 2 -C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat) and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO 2 -C ha −1 yr −1 ) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg −1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 CO 2 , 8.35 methane (CH 4 ), 218 carbon monoxide (CO), 1.53 ethane (C 2 H 6 ), 1.74 ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), 0.60 methanol (CH 3 OH), 2.21 hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and 0.73 ammonia (NH 3 ), and this emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada and Fennoscandia), we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expand the global data set, as well as adding a new region.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Drainage Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wilson Et Al: Derivation Of Greenhouse Gas Emission Factmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Wilson¹,

Dixon

Artz

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The study therefore serves not only to introduce these unusual wetlands but to illustrate how multiple services provided by wetlands, such as grazing, flood storage, and biodiversity, may be compromised. The consequences of wetland use are considered by Salm et al (2012), who estimated the effects of drainage and peat extraction on greenhouse gas emissions from Estonian peatlands. Meanwhile, Dušek et al (2012) apply a novel approach for wetland ecosystems to investigate carbon cycling in a sedgegrass marsh in the Czech Republic, highlighting how a variable water regime markedly affects carbon accumulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preface: Wetland services and management

Joyce

2012

Hydrobiologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emissions of methane from northern peatlands: a review of management impacts and implications for future management options

Abdalla

Hastings

Truu

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

Self Cite

154

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Northern peatlands constitute a significant source of atmospheric methane (CH 4). However, management of undisturbed peatlands, as well as the restoration of disturbed peatlands, will alter the exchange of CH 4 with the atmosphere. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to collate and analyze published studies to improve our understanding of the factors that control CH 4 emissions and the impacts of management on the gas flux from northern (latitude 40° to 70°N) peatlands. The analysis includes a total of 87 studies reporting measurements of CH 4 emissions taken at 186 sites covering different countries, peatland types, and management systems. Results show that CH 4 emissions from natural northern peatlands are highly variable with a 95% CI of 7.6–15.7 g C m−2 year−1 for the mean and 3.3–6.3 g C m−2 year−1 for the median. The overall annual average (mean ± SD) is 12 ± 21 g C m−2 year−1 with the highest emissions from fen ecosystems. Methane emissions from natural peatlands are mainly controlled by water table (WT) depth, plant community composition, and soil pH. Although mean annual air temperature is not a good predictor of CH 4 emissions by itself, the interaction between temperature, plant community cover, WT depth, and soil pH is important. According to short‐term forecasts of climate change, these complex interactions will be the main determinant of CH 4 emissions from northern peatlands. Drainage significantly (p < .05) reduces CH 4 emissions to the atmosphere, on average by 84%. Restoration of drained peatlands by rewetting or vegetation/rewetting increases CH 4 emissions on average by 46% compared to the original premanagement CH 4 fluxes. However, to fully evaluate the net effect of management practice on the greenhouse gas balance from high latitude peatlands, both net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and carbon exports need to be considered.

show abstract

Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from undisturbed, drained and mined peatlands in Estonia

Cited by 66 publications

References 46 publications

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom

Preface: Wetland services and management

Emissions of methane from northern peatlands: a review of management impacts and implications for future management options

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About