Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases over Asian regions during 2000–2008: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2

Abstract

We have updated the Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) as version 2.1. REAS 2.1 includes most major air pollutants and greenhouse gases from each year during 2000 and 2008 and following areas of Asia: East, Southeast, South, and Central Asia and the Asian part of Russia. Emissions are estimated for each country and region using updated activity data and parameters. Monthly gridded data with a 0.25 × 0.25&deg; resolution are also provided. Asian emissions for each species in 2008 are as follows (with their growth rate from 2000 to 2008): 56.9 Tg (+34%) for SO₂, 53.9 Tg (+54%) for NO_x, 359.5 Tg (+34%) for CO, 68.5 Tg (+46%) for non-methane volatile organic compounds, 32.8 Tg (+17%) for NH₃, 36.4 Tg (+45%) for PM₁₀, 24.7 Tg (+42%) for PM_2.5, 3.03 Tg (+35%) for black carbon, 7.72 Tg (+21%) for organic carbon, 182.2 Tg (+32%) for CH₄, 5.80 Tg (+18%) for N₂O, and 16.7 Pg (+59%) for CO₂. By country, China and India were respectively the largest and second largest contributors to Asian emissions. Both countries also had higher growth rates in emissions than others because of their continuous increases in energy consumption, industrial activities, and infrastructure development. In China, emission mitigation measures have been implemented gradually. Emissions of SO₂ in China increased from 2000 to 2006 and then began to decrease as flue-gas desulfurization was installed to large power plants. On the other hand, emissions of air pollutants in total East Asia except for China decreased from 2000 to 2008 owing to lower economic growth rates and more effective emission regulations in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Emissions from other regions generally increased from 2000 to 2008, although their relative shares of total Asian emissions are smaller than those of China and India. Tables of annual emissions by country and region broken down by sub-sector and fuel type, and monthly gridded emission data with a resolution of 0.25 × 0.25&deg; for the major sectors are available from the following url: <a href="http://www.nies.go.jp/REAS/"target="_blank">http://www.nies.go.jp/REAS/</a>

NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions in China: historical trends and future perspectives

“…Estimates by Olivier et al (2005) were 12 % higher in 1995 and 13 % higher in 2000, while that by Streets et al (2001) was 9 % higher than this study Wang et al (2011a), andXing et al (2011) were 13 %, 5 % and 7 % lower than this study, respectively. The estimates of Zhao et al (2013), MEIC inventory, and Kurokawa et al (2013) are 1-10 %, 9-10 %, and 4-7 % higher than this study during 2005-2010, respectively.…”

Sensitivity analysis of source regions to PM2.5 concentration at Fukue Island, Japan

“…For monthly anthropogenic emission data, the Regional Emission inventory in Asia (REAS) version 2.0, with a 0.25 Â 0.25 resolution (Kurokawa et al, 2013), which is an updated version of REAS version 1 (Ohara et al, 2007), was used. Because REAS emission data are available to the year of 2008, emission for 2008 was used for the CMAQ simulation of 2010.…”

Satellite Data Reveals a Common Combustion Emission Pathway for Major Cities in China

“…Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR, Crippa et al, 2016), Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8. 5, Riahi et al, 2011), Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 2.1 (Kurokawa et al, 2013), and Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP, Janssens-Maenhout et al, 2015). We also use top-down emission estimates of CO and NO 2 from the Tropospheric Chemical Reanalysis (TCR) based on CHASER-LETKF assimilation system (Miyazaki et al, 2017).…”