Emissions from 200 000 vehicles: a remote sensing study

Guenther, Paul L.; Bishop, Gary A.; Peterson, James E.; Stedman, Donald H.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90249-6

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] CO, [1][2][3][4] HCs, 7-9 and particle opacity 10,11 are quantified by infrared (IR) absorption, while NO 12,13 is quantified by ultraviolet (UV) absorption in these vehicle emissions remote sensing systems (VERSS). Additionally, VERSS is used for research purposes 14 -21 and in inspection and maintenance programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Dynamometer tests measure emission factors for only a small sample of the total fleet. [27][28][29] VERSSs measure the pollutant emissions of ϳ1000 vehicles/hr at low cost per vehicle 5,6 and have done so in numerous studies around the world. 5,20,21,30 -34 These large samples show that on-road emissions are best described by a strongly skewed distribution, rather than by a normal distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Road Vehicle Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission Distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, Compared with Other Areas

Mazzoleni

Kuhns

Moosmüller

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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During the spring and summer of 2000, 2001, and 2002, gaseous and particulate matter (PM) fuel-based emission factors for ϳ150,000 low-tailpipe, individual vehicles in the Las Vegas, NV, area were measured via on-road remote sensing. For the gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxide), a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) was used. The PM emissions were determined using a Lidar-based VERSS. Emission distributions and their shapes were analyzed and compared with previous studies. The large skewness of the distributions is evident for both gaseous pollutants and PM and has important implications for emission reduction policies, because the majority of emissions are attributed to a small fraction of vehicles. Results of this Las Vegas study and studies at other geographical locations were compared. The gaseous pollutants were found to be close to those measured by VERSS in other U.S. cities. The PM emission factors for spark ignition and diesel vehicles are in the range of previous tunnel and dynamometer studies. INTRODUCTIONThe first fuel-based (pollutant emission per quantity of fuel burned) emission distributions for particulate matter (PM) determined by cross-plume light detection and ranging (Lidar) backscatter measurements are presented here and compared with carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO), and hydrocarbon (HC) emission distributions

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Road Vehicle Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission Distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, Compared with Other Areas

Mazzoleni

Kuhns

Moosmüller

et al. 2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Be it developed or developing countries, vehicles that are not properly maintained are responsible for a large fraction of total transport sector emissions. Based on a cross country study of CO and HC emissions from over 200,000 vehicles in the USA, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and Sweden, Guenther et al (1994) found that less than 10 percent of the fleet, which are referred to as "gross polluters," are responsible for half of the total emissions. Likewise, around 10-12 percent of the existing vehicle fleet accounted for about 50 percent of transport sector CO emissions in Nepal from 2001(Faiz et al, 2006.…”

Section: Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review Of Regulatory Instruments To Control Environmental Externalities From The Transport Sector

Timilsina

Dulal²

2009

Policy Research Working Papers

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“…These programs offered small incentives (under $1,000), had limited number of participants (less than 1,000 vehicles per year), and targeted the oldest vehicles in the fleet (4). Several studies show that the oldest vehicles in the fleet account for a large proportion of fleetwide criteria pollutant emissions (5,6,7,8). In 2009 vehicle scrappage programs again gained popularity as national governments sought ways to assist their struggling auto industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abating Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Cash-for-Clunker Programs

Morrison

Allan

Carpenter

2010

Transportation Research Record

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Policymakers use incentive-based vehicle scrappage or "Cash-for-Clunker" programs to pursue a range of social and economic goals such as decreasing vehicular emissions, preventing vehicle abandonment, lowering consumer spending on gasoline, and stimulating new vehicle sales. However, there are no programs aimed solely at greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. This study discusses design considerations for such a program. We evaluate past and present programs to show how regulatory elements in vehicle scrappage programs can be adjusted to maximize GHG savings. We show how fuel-economy based eligibility requirements are preferable to age-based requirements and how financial incentives can be properly aligned to balance program cost and participation rate. Finally, we present a program framework that, at minimum, ensures a Cashfor-Clunkers program offsets GHG emissions attributable to vehicle manufacturing and end-oflife disposal with use-phase emissions reductions.

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Emissions from 200 000 vehicles: a remote sensing study

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

On-Road Vehicle Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission Distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, Compared with Other Areas

On-Road Vehicle Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission Distributions in Las Vegas, Nevada, Compared with Other Areas

A Review Of Regulatory Instruments To Control Environmental Externalities From The Transport Sector

Abating Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Cash-for-Clunker Programs

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