Emissions, degradation and impact of HFO-1234ze from China PU foam industry

Wang, Yifei; Wang, Ziyuan; Sun, Mei; Guo, Junyu; Zhang, Jianbo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146631

Cited by 11 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…TFA has also now been detected in indoor dust in China. Concentrations were generally greater than those of the longer chain perfluorinated compounds, ranging from 100 to ca 500 µg kg −1 , with the largest values from samples taken in the north-east and south-west of China [ 58 ]. The presence in indoor dust suggests a possible pathway of exposure for humans but exposure was not assessed, and a risk assessment was not conducted.…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes

Robson

Neale

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

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Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes

Robson

Neale

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…One study estimated HFO-1234ze emissions in the polyurethane foam sector in China by 2050. 45 Overall, comprehensive prediction and evaluation of HFO emissions with HFC phase-down in China have not yet been conducted.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies projected the emissions of a complete replacement of HFC-134a with HFO-1234yf in the mobile air conditioning sector in different regions, ,,, despite the absence of detailed long-term annual characteristics. One study estimated HFO-1234ze emissions in the polyurethane foam sector in China by 2050 . Overall, comprehensive prediction and evaluation of HFO emissions with HFC phase-down in China have not yet been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China

Wang

Liu

Qiao

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are being used as substitutes for potent greenhouse gas hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). However, the use and environmental impacts of HFOs are of great concern due to the rapid degradation of HFOs to produce persistent and phytotoxic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Here, we provide a comprehensive projection of HFO emissions in China during 2024–2060 for the first time. Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, China’s HFO emissions are estimated to increase from 1.7 (1.3–2.3) to 148.8 (111.4–185.4) kt in 2024–2060 with cumulative emissions of 2.8 (2.0–3.5) Gt, and cumulative reduced HFCs emissions are evaluated to be 5.4 Gt CO2-equivalent. High HFO emissions would be distributed mainly in the North China Plain and the eastern and coastal areas. HFO-1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) contributes most of HFO emissions with a cumulative emission of 1.7 Gt in 2024–2060, while the cumulative increment of TFA deposition from HFO-1234yf emissions would reach 0.4–1.0 Gt. The long-term national-gridded HFO emission inventories can provide scientific support for evaluating the environmental risks of HFOs and developing HFC phase-out pathways for addressing climate change.

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“…The currently acceptable hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) [7][8][9] do not deplete the ozone layer, but still possess hundreds to thousands of CO 2equivalent emissions contributing to global warming. The recently introduced hydrofluoroolefins [10][11][12][13] have very low potentials of ozone depletion and global warming, but their degradation byproducts in air, such as trifluoroacetic acid and hydrofluoric acid, might contaminate soil and water. 10 In response to the concerns associated with traditional PU blowing agents, we have recently explored a series of CO 2 -releasing blowing agents based on the CO 2 adducts of hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines (PEIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous polyurethane foaming systems containing polyester diol, ethylene glycol, and alkylated polyethylenimine‐CO₂ adducts

Guo,

Wang,

Xie

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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CO 2 adducts from alkylated polyethylenimines (PEIs) in powder form are newly developed blowing agents for polyurethanes (PUs) to replace the ozonedepleting and/or global warming halogen-containing blowing agents. However, they are difficult to disperse into the raw materials of PUs. Herein, we explored reactive solvents for alkyl-grafted PEI-based CO 2 adducts (xCn-PEI-CO 2 s, whose alkyl carbon number n = 4, 8, or 12 and grafting rate x = 5%, 10%, or 15%) and found that the most effective solvent was ethylene glycol (EG), with solute mass concentrations exceeding 50%. According to this, we designed homogenous foaming systems for PUs, containing poly(ethylene-co-diethylene glycol adipate) diol, EG, and different xCn-PEI-CO 2 blowing agents, with mass percentages of 85, 11.25, and 3.75, respectively. The xCn-PEI-CO 2 blowing agents in the ternary mixture could effectively blow PUs, with densities ranging from 210 to 240 kg/m 3 . The addition of 0.1 g of water as an extra blowing agent reduced the densities down to 110 kg/m 3 , compared with the 140 kg/m 3 density of the control foam blown solely by water. The liquid status of the ternary foaming mixtures and their cooperative performance with water to blow PUs could enhance the suitability of the climate-friendly xCn-PEI-CO 2 blowing agents in PU foam industry.

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Emissions, degradation and impact of HFO-1234ze from China PU foam industry

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China

Homogeneous polyurethane foaming systems containing polyester diol, ethylene glycol, and alkylated polyethylenimine‐CO₂ adducts

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Emissions, degradation and impact of HFO-1234ze from China PU foam industry

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Projections of National-Gridded Emissions of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in China

Homogeneous polyurethane foaming systems containing polyester diol, ethylene glycol, and alkylated polyethylenimine‐CO2 adducts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Homogeneous polyurethane foaming systems containing polyester diol, ethylene glycol, and alkylated polyethylenimine‐CO₂ adducts