Emissions Assessment of Alternative Aviation Fuel at Simulated Altitudes

Abstract

To address the global fuel challenges of energy security, economic sustainability and climate change the stakeholders of aviation industry are actively pursuing the development and qualification of alternative ‘drop-in’ fuels. New standards will be required to regulate the use of these new fuels, which requires not only fuel specification and rig/engine and flight testing but also an emission life cycle impact assessment of these fuels. This paper reports on emission data measured at various simulated altitudes and engine speeds from a jet engine operated on conventional and alternative aviation fuels. The work was conducted as part of on-going efforts by departments within the Government of Canada to systematically assess regulated as well as non-regulated emissions from the use of alternative aviation fuels. The measurements were performed on an instrumented 1000 N-thrust turbojet engine using a baseline conventional Jet A-1 fuel and a semi-synthetic (50/50) blend with Camelina based Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (JP8-HRJ8) fuel. Emission results reported here include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter measured at several simulated altitudes and power settings. In order to ensure that the assessments have a common baseline, relevant engine performance and operability data were also recorded.

Altitude Performance of a Turbojet With Alternate Fuels

“…The ideal work extraction through an expansion for each gas is also shown in table 1. The H 2 O is more than double that of the CO 2 , which has the lowest extraction rate of the four gasses.…”

“…Neither is it the objective of this paper to present the resulting emissions from the alternate fuels. Emissions results for this program are presented in a companion paper [1].…”

Impact of a Jet A-1/HEFA blend on the performance and emission characteristics of a miniature turbojet engine

“…Numerous publications can be found in the literature (Ali and Nour 2017;Badami et al 2014;Baranski et al 2011;Canteenwalla et al 2016;Cavarzere et al 2014;Chiaramonti et al 2013;Chiariello et al 2014;Chishty et al 2011;Habib et al 2010;Hoxie and Anderson 2017;Ibrahim et al 2013;Mendez et al 2014), which are associated with testing different fuels with the use of small-scale turbine engines. It is worth emphasizing that currently fuels containing synthesized hydrocarbons obtained through five specific paths described in ASTM D7566-16 (2009) are approved for direct use as synthetic blending components (up to 50%) in aviation turbine fuels.…”

“…However, they can be an alternative power source for gas turbine engines for applications other than aviation. Only the following papers (Badami et al 2014;Baranski et al 2011;Canteenwalla et al 2016;Chishty et al 2011) concern the tests on small-scale engines in the scope of fuels: gas to liquid (GTL), hydroprocessed renewable jet (HRJ), synthetic aromatic kerosene (SAK), which may be used in aircraft turbine engines.…”

“…Generated emission from aircraft industry has not only a negatively effect on climate and air quality but also human health. One of major methods of harmful combustion products emissions reduction is implementation to the fossil fuel various components, including biocomponents and biofuels (Chishty et al 2011;Ş öhret et al 2015).…”