Emission probability of the 66.7 keV γ transition in the decay of 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>Tm</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mn>171</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>

Kajan, Ivan; Heinitz, S.; Dressler, R.; Reichel, P.; Kivel, N.; Schumann, D.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.98.055802

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, when irradiated under medium to high neutron flux conditions, appreciable amounts of 171 Tm are formed which will remain as contaminants long after the desired 170 Tm has decayed due to its much longer half-life (Sahiralamkhan et al 2016 ). This poses significant clinical translation issues for formulations of 170 Tm due to the contaminant 171 Tm exhibiting vastly different β − -decay and γ-emission properties, with a maximum β − -particle energy of only 97 keV (approximately 10% of 170 Tm β − -particle energy) and a very low abundance γ-emission energy (66.7 keV, 0.16%) (Sahiralamkhan et al 2016 ; Kajan et al 2018 ; Tishchenko et al 2015 ). Furthermore, due to its identical chemical nature, 171 Tm cannot be separated from the desired 170 Tm using traditional chemical means such as chromatography or extraction methodologies and consequently the specific activity and radiopurity of the final formulation are adversely affected.…”

Section: Thulium: 170 Tmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics

Sadler

Hogan

Fraser

et al. 2022

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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Background With recent advances in novel approaches to cancer therapy and imaging, the application of theranostic techniques in personalised medicine has emerged as a very promising avenue of research inquiry in recent years. Interest has been directed towards the theranostic potential of Rare Earth radiometals due to their closely related chemical properties which allow for their facile and interchangeable incorporation into identical bifunctional chelators or targeting biomolecules for use in a diverse range of cancer imaging and therapeutic applications without additional modification, i.e. a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This review will focus on recent progress and innovations in the area of Rare Earth radionuclides for theranostic applications by providing a detailed snapshot of their current state of production by means of nuclear reactions, subsequent promising theranostic capabilities in the clinic, as well as a discussion of factors that have impacted upon their progress through the theranostic drug development pipeline. Main body In light of this interest, a great deal of research has also been focussed towards certain under-utilised Rare Earth radionuclides with diverse and favourable decay characteristics which span the broad spectrum of most cancer imaging and therapeutic applications, with potential nuclides suitable for α-therapy (149Tb), β−-therapy (47Sc, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 169Er, 149Pm, 143Pr, 170Tm), Auger electron (AE) therapy (161Tb, 135La, 165Er), positron emission tomography (43Sc, 44Sc, 149Tb, 152Tb, 132La, 133La), and single photon emission computed tomography (47Sc, 155Tb, 152Tb, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 149Pm, 170Tm). For a number of the aforementioned radionuclides, their progression from ‘bench to bedside’ has been hamstrung by lack of availability due to production and purification methods requiring further optimisation. Conclusions In order to exploit the potential of these radionuclides, reliable and economical production and purification methods that provide the desired radionuclides in high yield and purity are required. With more reactors around the world being decommissioned in future, solutions to radionuclide production issues will likely be found in a greater focus on linear accelerator and cyclotron infrastructure and production methods, as well as mass separation methods. Recent progress towards the optimisation of these and other radionuclide production and purification methods has increased the feasibility of utilising Rare Earth radiometals in both preclinical and clinical settings, thereby placing them at the forefront of radiometals research for cancer theranostics.

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Section: Thulium: 170 Tmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics

Sadler

Hogan

Fraser

et al. 2022

EJNMMI radiopharm. chem.

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“…The activity concentration of the PLS was determined on the HPGe detector, utilizing the 44g Sc [T 1/2 = 3.97( 4) h] daughter of 44 Ti in secular equilibrium with an efficiency of ε = 6.88 × 10 −4 for the 1157-keV line [Iγ = 99.9(4)%]. The efficiency calibration of the HPGe detector is described elsewhere [25]. Here, 44g Sc was used to derive the 44 Ti activity as the emission branching ratio for scandium is precisely known.…”

Section: B 44 Ti Reference Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Experiment-based determination of the excitation function for the production of Ti44 in proton-irradiated vanadium samples

et al. 2021

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In this paper, the excitation function utilizing the nuclear reaction nat V(p,X) 44 Ti was determined. The seven investigated metallic vanadium disks were proton irradiated within an energy range of 111-954 MeV between 1995 to 1996. The experiments' cross sections were validated using two independent measurements by combining γ spectrometry with both a low-energy germanium detector and a high-purity germanium detector. The maximum cross section was observed for energies of 145 ± 1.2 and 150.2 ± 1.2 MeV with values of 803 ± 28 and 805 ± 27 μb, respectively. In this regard, it was demonstrated that our data were in good agreement with the former, however, unpublished results which were investigated over a similar energy range. Thus, combined with these earlier measurements, a consistent data set for the nat V(p,X) 44 Ti excitation function from 111 to 1350 MeV is provided. Model calculations using Liège Intranuclear Cascade (INCL)/ABLA reproduce the shape of the excitation function correctly but overpredict the absolute values by factors of 2 to 3. Some considerations regarding this already earlier observed systematic overestimation of neutron-poor residues are given. The results will trigger new approaches in code development in order to improve the predictions.

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“…The uncertainties of the source activities were 2.3%. For the γ intensity, a weighted average was done using two recent publications [10,11]. On 20 March 2017, the number of 171 Tm nuclei was determined with the parameter given in Table I to…”

Section: Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal (n,γ) cross section and resonance integral ofTm171

et al. 2019

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Background: About 50% of the heavy elements are produced in stars during the slow neutron capture process. The analysis of branching points allows us to set constraints on the temperature and the neutron density in the interior of stars. Purpose: The temperature dependence of the branch point 171 Tm is weak. Hence, the 171 Tm neutron capture cross section can be used to constrain the neutron density during the main component of the s process in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars. Methods: A 171 Tm sample produced at the ILL was activated with thermal and epithermal neutrons at the TRIGA research reactor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. Results: The thermal neutron capture cross section and the resonance integral have been measured for the first time to be σ th = 9.9 ± 0.9 b and σ RI = 193 ± 14 b. Conclusions: Based on our results, new estimations of the direct capture components' impact on the Maxwellian-nAveraged cross sections (MACS) are possible.

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Emission probability of the 66.7 keV γ transition in the decay of Tm171

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics

Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics

Experiment-based determination of the excitation function for the production of Ti44 in proton-irradiated vanadium samples

Thermal (n,γ) cross section and resonance integral ofTm171

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