Emission of VOCs and SVOCs from Electronic Devices and Office Equipment

Schripp, Tobias; Wensing, Michael

doi:10.1002/9783527628889.ch17

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main chemical components of laser printer-emitted particles include hydrocarbons, esters, and a small amount of inorganic elements. [10][11][12][13]15 For obtaining specific information on organic compounds, Schripp and Wensing 11 conducted gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of LPD particles and found alkanes and siloxanes to be the main organic components. Figure 3 shows the result of a GC/MS analysis of printer-emitted particles.…”

Section: Particle Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The former mechanism was confirmed by many chamber studies. [9][10][11][12][13] In addition, Wang et al 48 Therefore, the remaining particles detected by TEM may not be representative for all the emitted particles. Secondly, they did not discuss the role of nucleation, condensation, or secondary aerosol formation in their study, which have been demonstrated to be the main UFP formation pathways.…”

Section: Particle Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These UFPs have been described to be predominately semi-volatile and mainly formed from nucleation and condensation of vaporized semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). [9][10][11][12][13] However, more recently it has been argued that the release of engineered nanoparticles in the toner powders mainly contributed to the UFPs. 14,15 This emission component would be markedly different from the re-condensing SVOCs mentioned before and, if present in relevant amounts, has to be taken into account in pathophysiological considerations regarding possible health effects of LPD-emitted particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to particle emission and characterization, various studies in environmental chambers have been conducted, mostly concluding that LPDs can emit ultrafine particles (UFPs) in variable amounts. These UFPs have been described to be predominately semi‐volatile and mainly formed from nucleation and condensation of vaporized semi‐volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) . However, more recently it has been argued that the release of engineered nanoparticles in the toner powders mainly contributed to the UFPs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the characteristics and possible health effects of particles emitted from laser printing devices

Karrasch

Salthammer

2020

Indoor Air

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractMany studies have shown that the use of laser printing devices (LPDs) contributes to the release of particles into the indoor environment. However, after more than two decades of research, the physicochemical properties of LPD-emitted particles and the possible health effects from exposure to particles are still heavily debated.We therefore carried out a critical review of the published studies around emissions and health effects of LPD-emitted particles, aiming at elucidating the nature of these particles and their potential health risks. Realizing the varying methodologies of the studies, a classification of the reviewed studies is adopted, resulting in three categories of emission studies (chamber experiment, office/room measurement, and photocopy shop measurement), and three types of health studies (in vitro/animal studies, human studies in the real world, and human studies in controlled settings).The strengths and limitations of each type of study are discussed in-depth, which in turn helps to understand the cause of divergent results. Overall, LPD-emitted particles are mainly condensed or secondary-formed semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), while solid toner particles account for a very small fraction. The health risk from exposure to LPD-emitted particles is small compared with the health risk from exposure to ambient particles. K E Y W O R D S emission, exposure, indoor air quality, laser printer, particulate matter, risk | 397 GU et al.

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Section: Particle Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the characteristics and possible health effects of particles emitted from laser printing devices

Karrasch

Salthammer

2020

Indoor Air

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“…), and semi volatile (siloxanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, etc.) organic compounds (Schripp and Wensing, 2009). The results of many studies have shown that the particles do not originate from primary sources such as toner dust but are formed as secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from nucleation and condensation processes (Morawska et al, 2009).…”

Section: Emission From Active Electronic Devices -Laser Printermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry for Indoor Air Quality research

et al. 2013

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In the field of Indoor Air Quality research, the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demands instruments that are rapid, mobile, robust, highly sensitive and allow for simultaneous monitoring of multiple compounds. These instruments should also compensate for possible interferences from permanent gases and air humidity. Proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) has proved to be a valuable and promising technique that fits the mentioned requirements for a suitable online measuring device. In this study, five exemplary applications of PTR-MS are described: (i) release of paint additives during drying process, (ii) emission of VOCs from active hardcopy devices, (iii) reference material evaluation, (iv) diffusion studies, and (v) emission testing of building products. The examples are selected to illustrate possibilities and limitations of the PTR technique in this field of research. The quadruple-based PTR-QMS was able to determine the emission characteristics during the experiments, especially in case of depleting emission sources (e.g., reference material). This allows for chemometrical analysis of the measured release patterns and detection of underlying processes. However, PTR-QMS reaches a functional limit in case of compound identification. If identification of VOCs is necessary, the measurements need to be accompanied by GC/MS analytics or a PTR instrument with higher mass-resolution (e.g., PTR-TOF-MS).

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Release of Organic Compounds and Particulate Matter from Products, Materials, and Electrical Devices in the Indoor Environment

Salthammer

2014

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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In the indoor environment, the need for the reliable assessment of human exposure to indoor pollutants is still attracting increasing attention. This, however, requires a detailed understanding of the relevant compounds; their sources, physical and chemical properties, dynamics, and reactions; and their distribution among the gas phase, airborne particles, and settled dust as well as the availability of modern measurement techniques. With respect to a healthy indoor environment, only low-emitting products, which do not influence the indoor air quality in a negative way, should be used in a building. Therefore, materials and products for indoor use need to be evaluated for their chemical emissions. The demand for standardized test methods under laboratory conditions has resulted in several guidelines for determination of emission rates by use of test chambers and cells. Many studies have shown that the types of sources in occupational and residential indoor environments, the spectrum of emitting compounds, and duration of emission cover a wide range. Furthermore, it has now been recognized that both primary and secondary emissions may affect indoor air quality. The problem might become dominant when components of different materials can react with each other or when catalytic materials are applied. As a consequence, modern product development should also consider secondary products, which seem to be of importance for long-term emissions. In order to characterize the release of compounds and particles from materials under realistic conditions, it is important to study the influence of processing, substrate, and climatic parameters on emitting species and emission rates

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Emission of VOCs and SVOCs from Electronic Devices and Office Equipment

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Review of the characteristics and possible health effects of particles emitted from laser printing devices

Review of the characteristics and possible health effects of particles emitted from laser printing devices

Application of proton-transfer-reaction-mass-spectrometry for Indoor Air Quality research

Release of Organic Compounds and Particulate Matter from Products, Materials, and Electrical Devices in the Indoor Environment

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