Emission of submicron aerosol particles in cement kilns: Total concentration and size distribution

Abstract

Cement plants are responsible for particle and gaseous emissions into the atmosphere. With respect to particle emission, the greater part of is in the range from 0.05 to 5.0 µm in diameter. In the last years attention was paid to submicron particles, but there is a lack of available data on the emission from stationary sources. In this paper, concentration and size distribution of particles emitted from four cement kilns, in relationship to operational conditions (especially the use of alternative fuel to coal) of the clinker process are reported. Experimental campaigns were carried out by measuring particles concentration and size distribution at the stack of four cement plants through condensation particle counter (CPC) and scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer (SMPS). Average total particle number concentrations were between 2000 and 4000 particles/cm 3 , about 8-10 times lower that those found in the corresponding surrounding areas. As for size distribution, for all the investigated plants it is stable with a unimodal distribution (120-150 nm), independent from the fuel used.Implications: The study provides information on submicron particles emitted from cement kilns in different driving conditions. In particular, the total particle number is modest and considerably lower than that measured in ambient air, whereas the particle size distribution could be influenced by the operational conditions.

Drone-Assisted Confined Space Inspection and Stockpile Volume Estimation

“…The typical size of the aerodynamic diameter (The aerodynamic diameter of an irregular particle is defined as the diameter of the spherical particle with a density of 1000 kg/m 3 and the same settling velocity as the irregular particle.) of cement particle dust ranges from 0.05-5.0 µm [63], which makes it highly detrimental to human health. Meo [64] reported links between inhaling very fine dust and illnesses such as bronchitis, asthma, shortness of breath, chest congestion, coughs, dermatitis, etc.…”