Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea

Yu, Byeong-Woon; Jin, Guang‐Zhu; Moon, Young-Hoon; Kim, Min-Kwan; Kyoung, Jong-Dai; Chang, Yoon Seok

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.031

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The mean values in P1-SC were close to those reported by Yu et al (2006) of 0.067 ng TEQ Nm À3 and Grochowalski et al (2007) of 0.011 ng T-TEQ Nm À3 . Primary copper production leads to high concentrations of SO 2 and scrubbing towers are used for SO 2 removal and H 2 SO 4 production.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…The most abundant congener in both primary and secondary copper smelters was PCB-126, followed by PCB-169. This pattern was similar to those reported for secondary copper and aluminium metallurgies (Ba et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2006). Because of high PCB-77 concentrations in P1-SC, the TEQ of PCB-77 accounted for more than 10% of the total TEQ for dl-PCBs.…”

Section: Unintentional Pop Congener Profilessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Grochowalski et al's study showed that the emission factors of PCDD/PCDF in flues gas samples from two primary copper plants with H 2 SO 4 production in Poland were 4.0 and 5.0 ng I-TEQ per ton of product, respectively (Grochowalski et al, 2007). However, Yu et al (2006) indicated the mean emission factor of PCDD/PCDF from primary copper production in Korea was 14.2 ng I-TEQ per ton of product. There are many primary copper plants in China with large variations in raw materials, technologies, production scales and air pollination control devices (APCDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This indicates that secondary copper smelting has become an important source of PCDD/PCDF in China. Despite this, information on PCDD/PCDF and overall emissions from copper metallurgy processes is scarce, although some research has been performed on PCDD/PCDF emissions during secondary copper smelting processes (Ba et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2006). In these studies, high concentrations of PCDD/PCDF were measured because the raw materials were not pre-treated before using.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and quantification of unintentional POP emissions from primary and secondary copper metallurgical processes in China

Nie

Liu

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t s< Emission factors of unintentional POPs from copper metallurgy were determined. < Emission levels and variations of unintentional POPs were measured and compared. < Unintentional POP congener patterns in stack gas and fly ash samples are presented. < The raw material used was a key factor for unintentional POP emissions. < Copper metallurgy is an important emission source of unintentional POPs. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tField monitoring was conducted to update and develop unintentional persistent organic pollutant (unintentional POP) emission inventories for the copper metallurgy industry in China. In this study, emissions of six unintentional POPs comprised of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz) in stack gas and fly ash samples from primary and secondary copper smelters using different raw materials and technologies were measured and compared. Different concentrations, congener patterns and emission factors of unintentional POPs among four copper smelters were observed. Variations in unintentional POP emissions from several areas of a primary copper smelter were also investigated. The total emissions of unintentional POPs from primary and secondary copper production in 2010 in China were estimated respectively. These results provide a useful reference for the establishment of unintentional POP emission inventories and for policymakers to formulate control strategies to reduce unintentional POPs resulting from copper metallurgy.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Unintentional Pop Congener Profilessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and quantification of unintentional POP emissions from primary and secondary copper metallurgical processes in China

Nie

Liu

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Ba et al analyzed 30 stack gas and 20 fly ash samples from secondary nonferrous metal smelting plants in China and found that the SeCu plants had the highest PCDD/F toxic equivalency emission factors (Ba et al 2009). Similar results have been found in other regions and countries (G Wielgosinski et al 2011;Yu et al 2006). These results indicate that SeCu is an important source of PCDD/Fs.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450°C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran ( O C D F ) , o c t a c h l o r o d i b e n z o -p -d i o x i n , a n d t h e heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.

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PCBs Content in Topsoils Around the Metallurgical Plant Kremikovtsi

Dimitrova¹

Soil Chemical Pollution, Risk Assessment, Remediation and Security

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Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization and quantification of unintentional POP emissions from primary and secondary copper metallurgical processes in China

Characterization and quantification of unintentional POP emissions from primary and secondary copper metallurgical processes in China

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

PCBs Content in Topsoils Around the Metallurgical Plant Kremikovtsi

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